钢轨裂纹尺寸与形状对交流电磁场检测信号影响规律研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.18.038

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (18): 38-49.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.18.038

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇

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钢轨裂纹尺寸与形状对交流电磁场检测信号影响规律研究

林强^1,2, 刘兴^1,2, 田海东^1,2, 王文健^1,2, 丁昊昊^1,2, 刘启跃^1,2, 郭俊^1,2

1. 西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室摩擦学研究所成都 610031;
2. 西南交通大学机械工业高速摩擦副损伤机理和防护技术重点实验室成都 610031

收稿日期:2024-06-14 修回日期:2025-01-03 发布日期:2025-11-08
作者简介:林强，男，1990年出生，博士，讲师，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轮轨损伤无损检测。E-mail：linqiang@swjtu.edu.cn;王文健(通信作者)，男，1980年出生，博士，研究员，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轮轨系统服役行为。E-mail：wwj527@swjtu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52205578)、国家自然科学基金重点国际合作研究(52320105007)、四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC0875)和轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室自主研究课题(2024RVL-T02)资助项目

Research on the Influence Law of Size and Shape of Rail Crack on Alternating Current Field Measurement Signal

LIN Qiang^1,2, LIU Xing^1,2, TIAN Haidong^1,2, WANG Wenjian^1,2, DING Haohao^1,2, LIU Qiyue^1,2, GUO Jun^1,2

1. Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
2. Mechanical Industry Key Laboratory of Damage Mechanism and Protection Technology for High-speed Friction Pairs, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031

Received:2024-06-14 Revised:2025-01-03 Published:2025-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铁路轨道与车轮长期滚动接触，容易产生疲劳裂纹，导致钢轨表面剥离甚至钢轨断裂等严重问题，因此开展裂纹尺寸、扩展深度以及裂纹形状的检测与定量表征具有重要意义。设计搭建了采用阵列式传感器交流电磁场检测技术(Alternating current field measurement，ACFM)的钢轨裂纹检测系统。结合检测信号等值线彩色图研究了不同长度、不同深度、不同形状(簇状、Y形和W形)裂纹对ACFM信号的影响规律，分析了裂纹形状对交流电磁场检测信号影响机理。研究结果表明：随着裂纹长度与深度的增加，B_x信号谷值减小，B_z信号出现越来越明显的双极值特征，蝶形图中缺陷环面积逐渐增加，表明裂纹引起的磁场扰动逐渐变大，B_z信号相比B_x信号对裂纹长度与深度的变化更敏感；随簇状裂纹条数的增加，裂纹周围的B_x和B_z信号强度逐渐增加，B_x信号波峰位置的连线可反应裂纹走向；W形裂纹的B_x信号出现了三个极值，B_z信号出现了对称分布的极值特征；Y形裂纹的B_x信号出现了六个极值，B_z信号出现了四个极值。利用阵列式传感器ACFM信号的等值线彩色图可实现对复杂形状裂纹的识别和表征。

关键词: 钢轨裂纹, 交流电磁场测量, 裂纹尺寸, 裂纹形状, 阵列式传感器

Abstract: Long-term rolling contact between rail and wheel can easily cause rail fatigue cracks, leading to serious problems such as rail surface peeling and even rail fracture. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out the detection and quantitative characterization of crack size, propagation depth and crack shape. A rail crack detection system with array sensors based on the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology was designed and built. The influence law of different crack depths, lengths and shapes (Cluster-shaped, Y-shaped and W-shaped) on the ACFM signal were studied by using the contour color map of the detection signal. The influence mechanism of the crack shape on the ACFM signal was analyzed. The research results indicate that as the length and depth of cracks increase, the valley value of the B_x signal decreases, and the B_z signal shows more and more obvious characteristic of two extreme values. The area of the defect ring in the butterfly plot gradually increases, it indicates that the magnetic field disturbance caused by cracks gradually increases. Compared with the B_x signal, the B_z signal is more sensitive to changes of crack length and depth. As the number of clustered cracks increases, the signal intensity of B_x and B_z around the cracks gradually increases. And, the line connecting the peak position of B_x signal can reflect the direction of cracks. For the W-shaped crack, the B_x signal shows three extreme values, the B_z signal shows symmetrically distributed extreme values. For the Y-shaped crack, the B_x signal shows six extreme values, the B_z signal shows four extreme values. The contour color map of the ACFM signal from array sensors can be used to identify and characterize the complex shapes of cracks.

Key words: rail cracks, ACFM, crack size, crack shape, array sensors

中图分类号:

U216

林强, 刘兴, 田海东, 王文健, 丁昊昊, 刘启跃, 郭俊. 钢轨裂纹尺寸与形状对交流电磁场检测信号影响规律研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(18): 38-49.

LIN Qiang, LIU Xing, TIAN Haidong, WANG Wenjian, DING Haohao, LIU Qiyue, GUO Jun. Research on the Influence Law of Size and Shape of Rail Crack on Alternating Current Field Measurement Signal[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(18): 38-49.

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钢轨裂纹尺寸与形状对交流电磁场检测信号影响规律研究

Research on the Influence Law of Size and Shape of Rail Crack on Alternating Current Field Measurement Signal

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