混合动力商用车多模非接触式可控单向离合器多目标优化设计

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.17.233

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在复合功率分流混合动力系统中，通过离合器对功率分流装置与动力部件进行离合和制动，可以进一步提高动力性和经济性。传统湿式离合器为适应商用车大扭矩需求，需增加摩擦片数量和体积，导致成本上升和拖曳损失，而机械式离合器虽体积小、承载扭矩大，但在超越过程中产生摩擦损失，无法满足混合动力商用车对可控方向锁止和双向非接触自由的需求。设计了一种多模非接触式可控单向离合器，可实现正向锁止、反向锁止以及双向自由三种模式，承载扭矩大同时避免了拖曳和摩擦损失。对多模非接触式可控单向离合器静态和模式切换过程进行了分析，以提高承载扭矩、减小瞬态冲击和实现轻量设计为目标建立了优化模型，提出融合带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ，NSGA2)、约束有序加权平均算子(Constrained ordered weighted averaging，COWA)和优劣解距离法(Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution，TOPSIS)的多目标优化决策方法，与初始方案相比，承载扭矩提升了23.5%、空转角减少了13.7%、关键部件体积减小了0.5%；搭载混合动力专用变速箱进行了台架试验，验证了设计方法的可行性。研究为大扭矩多模非接触式可控单向离合器的设计提供了参考。

关键词: 可控单向离合器, 模式切换, 功率分流系统, 多目标优化

Abstract: In a compound power-split hybrid powertrain, the performance and fuel efficiency can be further enhanced by engaging and braking the power-split device and power components. To meet the high torque demands of commercial vehicles, traditional wet clutches require an increased number of friction plates and larger size, leading to higher costs and drag losses. In contrast, mechanical clutches are compact and can handle high torque, but they generate friction losses during overrunning, failing to meet the needs of hybrid commercial vehicles for controllable directional locking and bidirectional non-contact freedom. A multi-mode non-contact selectable one-way clutch is designed. This clutch can operate in three modes: forward locking, reverse locking, and bi-directional freewheeling, offering a high torque capacity while avoiding drag and friction losses. The static behavior and mode-switching processes of the multi-mode non-contact selectable one-way clutch are analyzed, and an optimization model was developed with the objectives of increasing the load-bearing torque, reducing transient impacts and achieving a compact and lightweight design, a multi-objective optimization decision-making approach that combines non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA2), constrained ordered weighted averaging(COWA) operator, and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is proposed. When compared to initial solution, this optimization method leads to a 23.5% increase in load-bearing torque, a 13.7% reduction in idling angle, and a 0.5% decrease in the volume of key components. A hybrid transmission is mounted on a test bench for mode switching test. The results of the bench test confirm the feasibility of the design method. This study provides valuable insights for the design of high-torque multi-mode non-contact selectable one-way clutch.

Key words: selectable one-way clutch, mode switching, power-split hybrid transmission, multi-objective optimization

中图分类号:

U463

唐师法, 尹必峰, 王建, 张峻, 支峰. 混合动力商用车多模非接触式可控单向离合器多目标优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(17): 233-244.

TANG Shifa, YIN Bifeng, WANG Jian, ZHANG Jun, ZHI Feng. Multi-objective Optimization Design of Multi-mode Non-contact Selectable One-way Clutch for Hybrid Commercial Vehicles[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(17): 233-244.

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