功率调制振镜扫描激光辅助脉冲TIG深熔焊机制

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.16.157

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对中厚板六氟化铀容器高效无衬板打底单面焊双面成形的工程技术需求，提出一种功率调制振镜扫描激光辅助脉冲TIG深熔焊接方法，建立其焊接试验平台，开展多组有无功率调制振镜扫描激光辅助的脉冲TIG焊接工艺试验，研究电弧-熔池动态演化及熔池背部温度场分布特征规律，揭示功率调制振镜扫描激光辅助脉冲TIG熔深增加的物理机制。结果表明，此工艺能够稳定实现Y型坡口6 mm钝边对接缝的单面焊双面成形；当激光功率从1 800 W减至720 W再增至1 080 W时，熔池背部峰值段均温在1 700~1 850 ℃范围，基值段均温在1 550~1 600 ℃范围，激光对熔池的热作用不明显；而理论计算金属蒸汽反冲压力为0.017 N，激光对熔池的力作用显著。高能束激光瞬间汽化熔池底部微区域液态金属，产生较大金属蒸汽反冲压力，穿透金属薄膜形成小尺寸熔孔，且电弧穿过熔孔被径向压缩，能量密度提高，将电弧热传至熔池底部进一步熔化金属形成全熔透熔池是实现深熔的物理本质。

关键词: 脉冲TIG焊, 激光冲击, 熔孔, 温度场, 单面焊双面成形

Abstract: Aiming at the engineering requirements of high efficient root pass one-sided welding with backformation for medium-thick plate UF₆ vessels, a power modulated-galvanometer scanning laser assisted-pulsed TIG deep penetration welding method was proposed, and a welding test platform was established to carry out several sets of laser-assisted pulsed TIG welding process tests, which investigated the dynamic evolution of the arc-melting pool and the characteristic law of the temperature field distribution at the back of the weld pool, and revealed the physical mechanism of increasing the depth of melting of scanning galvanometer laser power modulation-pulsed TIG welding. The physical mechanism of power modulated-pulsed TIG melting depth increase was revealed. The results show that this process can stably realize the single-sided welding and double-sided forming of Y type 6 mm root face butt joint; when the laser power is reduced from 1 800 W to 720 W and then increased to 1 080 W, the back average temperature of the weld pool at the peak period ranges from 1 700 ℃ to 1 850 ℃ , and the average temperature of the base period changes from 1 550 ℃ to 1 600 ℃ , and the thermal effect of laser beam on the weld pool is weakness; the theoretical calculation of the metal vapor recoil pressure is 0.017 N, indicating a significant role in heat transfer; the high-energy beam laser instantaneously vaporizes the liquid melt at the bottom of the micro-region of the weld pool, resulting in a liquid metal film and forming a keyhole. As the energy density increases, the more arc energy is transferred to the bottom of weld pool, melting the more metal and achieving a deeper penetration.

Key words: pulsed TIG welding, laser shock, molten hole, temperature field, one-sided welding with backformation

中图分类号:

TG409

张刚, 康治, 蒙旭, 石玗, 樊丁. 功率调制振镜扫描激光辅助脉冲TIG深熔焊机制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(16): 157-165.

ZHANG Gang, KANG Zhi, MENG Xu, SHI Yu, FAN Ding. Mechanism of Power Modulated-galvanometer Scanning Laser Assisted-pulsed TIG Deep Penetration Welding[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(16): 157-165.

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