曲线几何参数及制动工况对列车轴箱轴承动态特性影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.01.187

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 轴箱轴承是高速列车转向架的关键部件，其动态特性对车辆的可靠性及安全运行至关重要。当车辆曲线通过时，特别当曲线制动时，轴箱轴承的动态特性极为复杂且尚不明确。为此，建立了考虑轴箱轴承和制动系统的高速列车拖车刚-柔耦合动力学模型，仿真分析了不同曲线几何参数及曲线制动工况下轴箱轴承的振动、载荷及内部接触特性。结果表明：车辆曲线惰行时，轴箱轴承的横向振动加速度随超高值的增大先减小后增大，均衡超高下的一位轮对左、右两侧轴箱轴承垂向力相同，超高值小于均衡超高值约20 mm时，轴箱轴承的轴向力可以忽略不计。车辆曲线制动工况下，超高值小于140 mm时轴箱轴承的横向振动更为剧烈，一位轮对轴箱轴承垂向力减小，沿外股轨道方向的轴向力增大，进而导致两列滚子–滚道最大接触应力的差值显著增大。

关键词: 轴箱轴承, 高速列车, 曲线半径, 超高, 制动系统

Abstract: The axle-box bearing is a key component of the high-speed train bogie frame. Its dynamic characteristics are crucial for the reliable and safe operation of the vehicle. When a vehicle brakes on a curve track, the dynamic characteristics of the axle-box bearing are extremely complex and unclear. Therefore, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamics model of a high-speed train trailer is established by considering axle-box bearing and braking systems. Then the vibration, dynamic load, and internal contact characteristics of the axle-box bearing under different curve geometric parameters and braking condition are systematically simulated and analyzed when the train passes through a curve track. The results show that when the vehicle drives along a curve track without braking, the lateral acceleration of the axle-box bearing first decreases and then increases with the increase of the super elevation value, and the vertical loads of the axle-box bearings on the left and right sides of the first wheel-set are the same at an equilibrium super elevation value. When the super elevation value is less than the equilibrium super elevation value by about 20 mm, the axial load of the axle-box bearing can be ignored. When the vehicle drives along curve track with braking, the lateral vibration of the axle box bearing becomes more severe if the super elevation value is less than 140 mmm, the vertical load of the axle-box bearing on the first wheel-set decreases, and the axial load located in the outer track direction increases compared with that without braking, causing a significantly increase in difference in the roller-raceway maximum contact stress between two rows.

Key words: axle box bearing, high-speed train, curve radius, super elevation, braking system

中图分类号:

TH113
U271

楚明, 杨林川, 王志伟, 江志伟, 王权, 莫继良. 曲线几何参数及制动工况对列车轴箱轴承动态特性影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(1): 187-198.

CHU Ming, YANG Linchuan, WANG Zhiwei, JIANG Zhiwei, WANG Quan, MO Jiliang. Study on the Effects of Curve Geometry Parameters and Braking Conditions on the Dynamic Characteristics of Train Axle-box Bearing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(1): 187-198.

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