水声吸声尖劈的低频吸声特性及其背衬影响规律

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.05.142

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水声探测技术的低频化发展对水声吸声尖劈(Underwater sound-absorbing wedge, USAW)的低频吸声性能提升提出了迫切需求。以侧重低频吸声性能的视角，从建模分析方法、低宽频吸声特性和背衬影响规律三个方面入手，重新审视水声吸声尖劈的低宽频吸声特性。首先，基于分层等效-传递矩阵方法，建立了背衬输入阻抗与吸声尖劈总输入阻抗之间的解析关系，指出了背衬条件对吸声尖劈吸声性能影响的必然性，并发现传统建模方法忽略基体材料的剪切效应对表征吸声尖劈的吸声性能影响非常小，而忽略排布间隙水域则会高估其低频吸声性能。然后，系统比较吸声尖劈和吸声平板的吸声特性差异发现，若仅关注低频吸声性能，吸声尖劈并不比等厚度的吸声平板更优，其优势主要体现在兼顾低频和宽带吸声设计方面。最后，深入比较吸声尖劈在几种典型背衬下的吸声特性表明，不同背衬条件对吸声尖劈的低频吸声性能影响显著，并进一步阐释了相关影响机理。

关键词: 水声吸声尖劈, 低频, 输入阻抗, 边界效应

Abstract: As the low-frequency development of underwater acoustic detection technology, an urgent need to improve the low-frequency sound absorption performance of underwater sound-absorbing wedge (USAW) has been proposed. From modeling analysis method, low-frequency and broadband sound absorption characteristics and backing effects, the low-frequency and broadband sound absorption characteristics of the USAW are re-examined. Based on a layered-then-equivalent, transfer matrix method, the analytical relationship between the backing input impedance and the total input impedance of the USAW is firstly established, the inevitability of the backing effect on the sound absorption performance of the USAW is pointed out. A calculation error analysis shows that ignoring the shear effect of the matrix material has very little influence on the sound absorption performance of the USAW, while ignoring the water area between the arrangement gap will overestimate its low-frequency sound absorption performance. Then, by systematically comparing the difference of the sound absorption characteristics of the USAW and the sound-absorbing plate, it is found that if only focusing on the low frequency sound absorption performance, the USAW is not better than the sound-absorbing plate of the same thickness, the advantage of the USAW is mainly reflected in the balance design of low-frequency and broadband sound absorption curve. Finally, a thorough comparison of the sound absorption characteristics of the USAW under several typical backings shows that different boundary conditions have a significant impact on the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the sound absorption wedge, then the relevant mechanism is further explained.

Key words: underwater sound-absorbing wedge, low frequency, input impedance, boundary effect

中图分类号:

TB53

钟杰, 管峰, 杨海滨, 赵宏刚, 温激鸿. 水声吸声尖劈的低频吸声特性及其背衬影响规律[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(5): 142-156.

ZHONG Jie, GUAN Feng, YANG Haibin, ZHAO Honggang, WEN Jihong. Low-frequency Sound Absorption Characteristics and Backing Effects of Underwater Sound-absorbing Wedge[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(5): 142-156.

参考文献

[1] 魏军光，乔冬平，张霞，等. 消声水池用低频吸声尖劈的研制[J]. 材料开发与应用，2002，17(4)：32-34. WEI Junguang，QIAO Dongping，ZHANG Xia，et al. Development of a low frequency sound-absorption taper for anechoic pool[J]. Development and Application of Materials，2002，17(4)：32-34.
[2] TAMARKIN P，EBY R K. Tank wall lining for underwater sound use[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1955，27(4)：692-698.
[3] DARNER C L. An anechoic tank for underwater sound measurements under high hydrostatic pressures[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1954，26(2)：221-222.
[4] 史小军，肖今新，顾晓军，等. 循环水槽水声舱的吸声尖劈设计[C]//第九届船舶水下噪声学术讨论会. 2003：202-206. SHI Xiaojun，XIAO Jinxin，GU Xiaojun，et al. Design of sound absorbing spike for underwater acoustic cabin in circulating water tank[C]//The 9th Symposium on Ship Underwater Noise. 2003：202-206.
[5] 彭东立，胡碰，朱蓓丽. 驻波管中介质板复透射系数的修正计算方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报，2007，41(4)：649-653. PENG Dongli，HU Peng，ZHU Beili. The modified computation of the complex transmission coefficient of acoustical panel in standing wave tube[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University，2007，41(4)：649-653.
[6] 姚熊亮，计方. 敷设空腔尖劈的声呐平台声学特性研究[J]. 船舶，2010，21(3)：29-34. YAO Xiongliang，JI Fang. Acoustic characteristics of sonar platform laying of cavity wedge[J]. Ship & Boat，2010，21(3)：29-34.
[7] 王鲁军，凌青，袁延艺. 美国声纳装备及技术[M]. 北京：国防工业出版社，2011. WANG Lujun，LING Qing，YUAN Yanyi. US sonar equipment and technology[M]. Beijing：National Defence Industry Press，2011.
[8] MEYER E，KUHL W，OBERST H，et al. Sound absorption and sound absorbers in water[M]. Washington D. C.： Department of the Navy，1947：247-283.
[9] TOULIS W J. Simple anechoic tank for underwater sound[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1955，27(6)：1221-1222.
[10] 王荣津，侯中华，王九奎，等. 宽频带水声吸声材料[J]. 声学学报, 1979，4(3)：169-175. WANG Rongjin，HOU Zhonghua，WANG Jiukui，et al. Broad-band absorbers for underwater sound[J]. Acta Acustica，1979，4(3)：169-175.
[11] CRAMER W S，JOHNSTON T F. Underwater sound absorbing structures[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1956，28(3)：501-502.
[12] 缪荣兴. 小尺寸宽带水声吸收器[J]. 声学与电子工程. 1987，2(1)：8-17. MIAO Rongxing. Small size broadband underwater acoustic absorber[J]. Acoustics and Electronics Engineering，1987，2(1)：8-17.
[13] 唐海清，缪荣兴，李君清. 高压消声水池端部松木尖劈吸声性能研究[J]. 声学与电子工程. 2001，16(2)：23-27. TANG Haiqing，MIAO Rongxing，LI Junqing. Study on sound absorption performance of pine wedge in high pressure anechoic tank[J]. Acoustics and Electronics Engineering，2001，16(2)：23-27.
[14] 李水，张权，易燕，等. 水声无硫橡胶方形吸声尖劈系列的设计与声学性能测量[C]// 第十二届船舶水下噪声学术讨论会. 2009：271-276. LI Shui，ZHANG Quan，YI Yan，et al. Design and acoustic performance measurement of a series of underwater acoustic sulfur-free rubber square sound absorbing wedges[C]// The 12th Symposium on Ship Underwater Noise. 2009：271-276.
[15] 尚尔昌. 渐变吸收层反射率的近似式[J]. 声学学报，1965，2(4)：192-197. SHANG Erchang. An approximate formula for the wave reflection from gradual-transition absorbers[J]. Acta Acustica，1965，2(4)：192-197.
[16] 朱维庆，侯秉珍，王九奎. 松木尖劈吸声性能研究[J]. 声学学报，1965，2(4)：198-202. ZHU Weiqing，HOU Bingzhen，WANG Jiukui. On the experimental investigation of the sound absorption of pine wedges[J]. Acta Acustica，1965，2(4)：198-202.
[17] 吴静珍. 吸声园锥尖劈结构性能的研究[J]. 橡塑资源利用，1994(1)：15-20. WU Jingzhen. Study on the structural performance of sound absorbing conical wedge[J]. Rubber & Plastics Resources Utilization，1994(1)：15-20.
[18] 姚熊亮，钱德进，厉艳才，等. 空腔尖劈吸声性能计算及其优化设计[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报，2009，30(6)：619-626. YAO Xiongliang，QIAN Dejin，LI Yancai，et al. Research on the sound absorption performance of cavity wedges and optimization of their design[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University，2009，30(6)：619-626.
[19] 王仁乾，马黎黎，缪旭弘. 带空腔尖劈吸声器吸声性能的研究[J]. 声学技术，1999，18(4)：146-148. WANG Renqian，MA Lili，MIAO Xuhong. A study on the absorbing performance of a wedge absorber with cavity[J]. Technical Acoustics，1999，18(4)：146-148.
[20] MILLER N B. Reflections from Gradual Transition Sound Absorbers[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1958，30(10)：967-973.
[21] WALTHER K. Reflection factor of gradual-transition absorbers for electromagnetic and acoustic waves[J]. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation，1960，8(6)：608-621.
[22] 尚尔昌，朱维庆，侯秉珍，等. 渐变吸收体反射问题的研究[J]. 科学通报，1966，17(3)：123-125. SHANG Erchang，ZHU Weiqing，HOU Bingzhen，et al. Study on the reflection of graded absorber[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin，1966，17(3)：123-125.
[23] 王仁乾. 空腔结构吸声器的吸声系数计算方法的研究[J]. 声学学报，2004，29(5)：393-397. WANG Renqian. Methods to calculate an absorption coefficient of sound-absorber with cavity[J]. Acta Acustica，2004，29(05)：393-397.
[24] HLADKY-HENNION A C，BOSSUT R，DECARPIGNY J N，et al. Analysis of the scattering of a plane acoustic wave by a periodic elastic structure using the finite element method ：Application to compliant tube gratings[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1990，87(5)：1861-1870.
[25] HLADKY-HENNION A C，DECARPIGNY J N. Analysis of the scattering of a plane acoustic wave by a doubly periodic structure using the finite element method ：Application to Alberich anechoic coatings[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1991，90(6)：3356-3367.
[26] EASWARAN V，MUNJAL M L. Finite element analysis of wedges used in anechoic chambers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，1993，160(2)：333-350.
[27] JIANG Changyong，ZHANG Shangyu，HUANG Lixi. On the acoustic wedge design and simulation of anechoic chamber[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2016，381：139-155.
[28] NEJAD M E T，LOGHMANI A，ZIAEI-RAD S. The effects of wedge geometrical parameters and arrangement on the sound absorption coefficient - a numerical and experimental study[J]. Applied Acoustics，2020，169：107458.
[29] JIA Xinyu，JIN Guoyong，SHI Kangkang，et al. A hybrid acoustic structure for low-frequency and broadband underwater sound absorption[J]. Journal of Low Frequency Noise，Vibration and Active Control，2022，41(3)：1160-1177.
[30] LIU Xuewei，YU Chenlei，XIN Fengxian. Gradually perforated porous materials backed with Helmholtz resonant cavity for broadband low-frequency sound absorption[J]. Composite Structures，2021，263：113647.
[31] ZHANG Yanni，CHENG Li. Ultra-thin and broadband low-frequency underwater acoustic meta-absorber[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences，2021，210：106732.
[32] YE Changzheng，LIU Xuewei，XIN Fengxian，et al. Influence of hole shape on sound absorption of underwater anechoic layers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2018，426：54-74.
[33] 姚熊亮，计方，庞福振，等. 聚氨酯空腔尖劈吸声性能实验研究[J]. 振动与冲击，2010，29(1)：88-93. YAO Xiongliang，JI Fang，PANG Fuzhen，et al. Acoustic performance test of a polyurethane cavity wedge[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2010，29(1)：88-93.
[34] 朱理，李海超，庞福振，等. 吸声尖劈对声纳平台声场影响试验研究[J]. 传感器与微系统，2015，34(3)：51-53. ZHU Li，LI Haichao，PANG Fuzhen，et al. Experimental research of influence of sound absorption wedges on acoustic field of sonar platform[J]. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies，2015，34(3)：51-53.
[35] 张阿漫，姚熊亮，钱德进，等. 背衬对隔声去耦瓦吸声性能的影响[J]. 传感器与微系统，2008，27(2)：53-55. ZHANG Aman，YAO Xiongliang，QIAN Dejin，et al. Effect of backing on sound absorption behavior of isolating-sound and decoupled tile[J]. Transducer and Microsystem Technologies，2008，27(2)：53-55.
[36] 何世平，汤渭霖，何琳. 水下吸声覆盖层声管测试的背衬研究[J]. 应用声学，2007，26(2)：83-88. HE Shiping，TANG Weilin，HE Lin. Effect of backing in the measurement of underwater anechoic coating with an acoustic cylindrical tube[J]. Journal of Applied Acousitcs，2007，26(2)：83-88.
[37] WHITE J E，ANGONA F A. Elastic wave velocities in laminated media[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，1955，27(2)：310-317.