Ni含量对高速列车转向架耐候钢焊缝金属微观组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.18.163

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过调整合金元素来获得高韧性、高耐候性的高速列车转向架焊缝金属已成为满足高速列车发展的一项挑战。然而，Ni对其影响的研究尚不充分。基于此，研究了高速列车转向架用Ni-Cr-Cu合金体系焊缝金属的镍含量、微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀行为之间的相互关系。光学和扫描电子显微镜研究表明，Ni含量从0.35%增加到0.85%提高针状铁素体比例(约10%增加到14%)，M-A组元含量减少(焊态区1.9%减少到0.6%，再热区1.3%减少到0.7%)、焊态区M-A组元尺寸减小，再热区等轴铁素体晶粒细化；焊缝冲击试验结果表明，当Ni含量从0.35%增加到0.85%时，焊缝金属-40 ℃、-60 ℃冲击功分别提高45 J、40 J，这得益于焊缝金属铁素体基体韧性的提高、针状铁素体比例的增加、M-A组元的减少及细化、再热区等轴晶的细化等；周期浸润腐蚀试验及电化学试验研究表明，增加Ni含量促进了焊缝金属的内外锈层致密化，提高了焊缝金属耐腐蚀性能。通过研究揭示了Ni含量对焊缝金属组织性能的影响机理及内在联系，为严酷服役环境下高速列车转向架焊缝金属的成分控制提供技术支撑。

关键词: 高速列车, 耐候钢, 微观组织, 耐腐蚀性, 韧性, 镍

Abstract: It has become a challenge for the development of high-speed trains to obtain high toughness and high weather resistance weld metal for bogies by adjusting alloying elements. However, the influence of Ni has not been fully studied. Based on this, the relationship between nickel content, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of weld metal with Ni-Cr-Cu alloy system for high-speed train bogies is studied. The results of optical and scanning electron microscopy show that the increase of Ni content from 0.35% to 0.85% result in the increase of acicular ferrite proportion (about 10% to 14%), the decrease of M-A constituent (1.9% to 0.6% in the welded zone, 1.3% to 0.7% in the reheated zone), the decrease of the size for M-A constituent in the welded zone, and the refinement of equiaxed ferrite in the reheated zone. The impact test results indicate that with the rise of Ni content from 0.35% to 0.85%, the impact energy of the weld metal at -40℃ and -60℃ is improved by 45 J and 40 J respectively, through enhancing the toughness of ferrite matrix, increasing the proportion of AF, reducing the M-A constituent and refining microstructures. Cycle immersion corrosion test and electrochemical test show that the increase of Ni content promote the densification of the inner and outer rust layer, and thus improve the corrosion resistance of the weld metal. The influence mechanism and internal relation of Ni content on the microstructure and properties of weld metal are revealed, which provide technical support for the composition control of weld metal for high-speed train bogies operating in harsh service environment.

Key words: high speed train, weathering steel, microstructure, corrosion resistance, toughness, Ni

中图分类号:

TG156

王高见, 刘丽, 康丹丹, 叶延洪, 邓德安. Ni含量对高速列车转向架耐候钢焊缝金属微观组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(18): 163-172.

WANG Gaojian, LIU Li, KANG Dandan, YE Yanhong, DENG Dean. Effect of Ni Content on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Weathering Steel Weld Metal for High-speed Train Bogies[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(18): 163-172.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.2024.18.163

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V60/I18/163

参考文献

[1] 徐银光，李艳. 成渝中线400 km/h轮轨动车组技术指标研究[J]. 高速铁路技术，2020，11(3)：7-11. XU Yinguang，LI Yan. Research on technical indexes of 400 km/h wheel-rail EMU for Chengdu-Chongqing middle line [J]. High speed Railway Technology，2020，11(3)：7-11.
[2] 相阿峰，余卫龙，陈明慧. CRH380B型高寒动车组牵引电机防寒技术[J]. 机车电传动，2014(4)：14-16，41. XIANG Afeng，YU Weilong，CHEN Minghui. Cold-proof technology on traction motor of high-cold CRH380B EMUs [J]. Electric Drive for Locomotives，2014(4)：14-16，41.
[3] 王伯铭. 高速动车组总体及转向架[M]. 2版. 成都：西南交大出版社，2014. WANG Boming. EMU overall and bogie[M]. 2nd ed. Chengdu：Southwest Jiaotong University Press，2014.
[4] 田燕. 焊接区断口金相分析[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，1991. TIAN Yan. Metallographic analysis of fracture in welding area[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，1991.
[5] 陈伯蠡，周运鸿. 高强钢埋弧焊焊缝的强韧化研究[J]. 焊接学报，1987(3)：49-58，67-68. CHEN Boli，ZHOU Yunhong. Study on strengthening and toughening of submerged arc welding seam of high strength steel [J]. Transactions of The China Welding Institution，1987(3)：49-58，67-68.
[6] MOSALLAEE M，SEMIROMI M T. Effect of nickel content on the microstructural，mechanical and corrosion behavior of E7018-G electrode weld metal[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance，2021，30(12)：8901-8912.
[7] SETIYANTO N A，OKTADINATA H，WINARTO W. Effect of nickel on the microstructure，hardness and impact toughness of SM570-TMC weld metals[C]//MATEC Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences，2019：269.
[8] TAYLOR D S，EVANS G M. Development of MMA electrodes for offshore fabrication[J]. Metal Construction，1984(5)：81-86.
[9] LORD M. Design and modelling of ultra-high strength steel weld deposits[D]. Cambridge：University of Cambridge，1999.
[10] KANG B Y，KIM H J，HWANG S K. Effect of Mn and Ni on the Variation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon weld metals[J]. Transactions of the Iron & Steel Institute of Japan，2000，40(12)：1237-1245.
[11] YANG L，WANG H，ZHANG Z，et al. Effect of Mn and Ni on microstructure and impact toughness of submerged arc weld metals[J]. Transactions of Tianjin University，2015，21(6)：562-566.
[12] ZHANG Z，FARRAR R A. Influence of Mn and Ni on the microstructure and toughness of C-Mn-Ni weld metals[J]. Welding Journal，1997，76(5)：183.
[13] FAKHERI M，ZARE H R，MOHAMMADPOUR Z，et al. The impact of Ni on the corrosion behavior and microstructure of weld metal fabricated from E8018-G electrodes[J]. Welding in the World，2020，64(6)：1065-1075.
[14] KANG Y，PARK G，JEONG S，et al. Correlation between microstructure and low-temperature impact toughness of simulated reheated zones in the multi-pass weld metal of high-strength steel[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2018，49(1)：177-186.
[15] MATSUDA F，IKEUCHI K，FUKADA Y，et al. Review of mechanical and metallurgical investigations of MA constituent in welded joint in Japan[J]. Transactions of JWRI，1995，24(1)：1-24.
[16] POURIAMANESH R，DEHGHANI K，VALLANT R，et al. Effect of Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metals in HSLA steels[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance，2018，27(11)：6058-6068.
[17] EVANS G M. The effect of nickel on the microstructure and properties of C-Mn all-weld metal deposits[J]. Welding Research Abroad，1991，37(2-3)：70-73.
[18] GREGG J M，BHADESHIA H. Solid-state nucleation of acicular ferrite on minerals added to molten steel[J]. Acta Materialia，1997，45(2)：739-748.
[19] 曹楚南. 电化学阻抗谱导论[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2002. CAO Chunan. Introduction to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2002.
[20] 张侠洲，高立军，姚仲成，等. 合金元素对耐候熔敷金属力学及耐蚀性能的影响[J]. 焊接学报，2019，40(5)：154-160，168. ZHANG Xiazhou，GAO Lijun，YAO Zhongcheng，et al. Effect of alloy element on mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of weathering steel deposited metal [J]. Transactions of The China Welding Institution，2019，40(5)：154-160，168.
[21] 崔忠圻. 金属学与热处理(铸造、焊接专业用)[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，1998. CUI Zhongqi. Metallurgy and heat treatment (for foundry and welding)[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，1998.
[22] BAKER H，OKAMOTO H. ASM handbook. vol. 3. alloy phase diagrams[M]. Ohio：ASM International，Materials Park，1992.
[23] ZHANG Zhuyo. An atlas of continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams applicable to low carbon low alloy weld metals[M]. Boca Raton，FL：CRC Press，2021.
[24] BHADESHIA H，HONEYCOMBE R. Steels：microstructure and properties[M]. Oxford：Butterworth- Heinemann，2017.
[25] VANOVSEK W，BERNHARD C，FIEDLER M，et al. Influence of aluminum content on the characterization of microstructure and inclusions in high-strength steel welds[J]. Welding in the World，2013，57(1)：73-83.
[26] GRONG Ø. Metallurgical modelling of welding. second edition[M]. London：The Institute of Materials，1997.
[27] GRONG O，MATLOCK D K. Microstructural development in mild and low-alloy steel weld metals[J]. International Metals Reviews，1986，31(1)：27-48.
[28] LODER D，MICHELIC S K，BERNHARD C. Acicular ferrite formation and its influencing factors—A review[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Res.，2017，6(1)：24-43.
[29] KOSEKI T，THEWLIS G. Overview inclusion assisted microstructure control in C-Mn and low alloy steel welds[J]. Materials Science and Technology，2005，21(8)：867-879.
[30] 顾钰熹. 焊接连续冷却转变图及其应用[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，1990. GU Yuxi. Welding continuous cooling transition diagram and its application [M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，1990.
[31] 陈丹，赵岩，刘天佑. 金属学与热处理[M]. 北京：北京理工大学出版社，2017. CHEN Dan，ZHAO Yan，LIU Tianyou. Metal science and heat treatment[M]. Beijing：Beijing Institute of Technology Press，2017.
[32] MATSUDA F，IKEUCHI K，OKADA H，et al. Effect of MA constituent on fracture behavior of 780 and 980MPa class HSLA steels subjected to weld HAZ thermal Cycles (Materials，Metallurgy &Weldability)[J]. Transactions of JWRI，1994，23(2)：231-238.
[33] WANG Z Q，WANG X L，NAN Y R，et al. Effect of Ni content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal with both-side submerged arc welding technique[J]. Materials Characterization，2018，138：67-77.
[34] HAN C，LI K，LIU X，et al. Effect of Ti content and martensite-austenite constituents on microstructure and mechanical property[J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining，2018，23(5)：410-419.
[35] JORGE J C F，DE SOUZA L F G，MENDES M C，et al. Microstructure characterization and its relationship with impact toughness of C-Mn and high strength low alloy steel weld metals-a review[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology，2021，10：471-501.
[36] PRATOMO S B，OKTADINATA H，WIDODO T W. Effect of nickel additions on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of low-alloy Cr-Mo cast steel[C]//IOP Conference Series：Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing，2019，541(1)：012050.
[37] AVAZKONANDEH-GHARAVOL M H，HADDAD-SABZEVAR M，HAERIAN A. Effect of chromium content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of multipass MMA，low alloy steel weld metal[J]. Journal of Materials Science，2009，44(1)：186-197.
[38] LI X，MA X，SUBRAMANIAN S V，et al. Influence of prior austenite grain size on martensite-austenite constituent and toughness in the heat affected zone of 700 MPa high strength linepipe steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering：A，2014，616：141-147.
[39] JORGE J C F，SOUZA L F G，REBELLO J M A. The effect of chromium on the microstructure/toughness relationship of C-Mn weld metal deposits[J]. Materials Characterization，2001，47(3-4)：195-205.
[40] LAN L，KONG X，QIU C，et al. Influence of microstructural aspects on impact toughness of multi-pass submerged arc welded HSLA steel joints[J]. Materials & Design，2016，90：488-498.
[41] 朱相荣. 金属材料的海洋腐蚀与防护[M]. 北京：国防工业出版社，1999. ZHU Xiangrong. Marine corrosion and protection of metal materials [M]. Beijing：National Defense Industry Press，1999.
[42] 杨景红，刘清友，王向东，等. 耐候钢及其腐蚀产物的研究概况[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报，2007，27(6)：367-372. YANG Jinghong，LIU Qingyou，WANG Xiangdong，et al. Review of weathering steel and its corrosion products[J]. Chinese Journal of Corrosion and Protection，2007，27(6)：367-372.
[43] MAKHDOOM M A，KAMRAN M，AWAN G H，et al. Effect of multipasses on microstructure and electrochemical behavior of weldments[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A，2013，44(12)：5505-5512.