母材相对位置对航天异种高强铝合金FSW接头组织性能的影响机理

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.18.154

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用搅拌摩擦焊实现了陶铝/2219-C10S这两种航天高强铝合金的固相焊接，重点研究了母材相对位置对接头力学性能与微观组织的影响机理。结果表明，将2219铝合金置于后退侧得到的接头经历了更高温度的焊接热循环，导致异种搅拌摩擦焊接接头薄弱区(2219Al侧靠近热机影响区的焊核区)晶粒组织较为粗大，同时分布着尺寸较大且分布密度较低的Al₂Cu和Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃第二相颗粒，使得接头力学性能降低。与此相比，将2219铝合金置于前进侧降低了焊接热作用，并促进了焊核区材料流动，获得了细小的晶粒组织，同时在焊核区发生了Ti和B元素由陶铝侧向2219Al侧扩散的现象，诱发了细小的TiB₂相的形成，此时接头中弥散均匀分布的细小Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃、Al₂Cu和TiB₂第二相使得接头具有较好的力学性能。研究结果为异种航天高强铝合金的高质量搅拌摩擦焊接提供了理论依据和技术基础。

关键词: 搅拌摩擦焊, 母材相对位置, 异种高强铝合金

Abstract: Solid-state welding of two types of high-strength aluminum alloys for aerospace applications (ceramic aluminum and 2219-C10S aluminum alloy) is achieved by friction stir welding. The influences of base metal’s relative position on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the joints are mainly focused. The results show that the joint obtained by placing 2219 aluminum alloy on the retreating side experiences higher welding thermal cycles, which causes larger grain size in the weak zone of the dissimilar friction stir welded joint (the nugget zone adjacent to thermal-mechanically affected zone at 2219Al side). In the meanwhile, the second phase particles (Al₂Cu and Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃) exhibit large size and low distribution density in this weak zone. All these factors lead to reduction of the mechanical properties of the joint. By contrast, placing 2219 aluminum alloy on the advancing side weakens the thermal effect during the welding process, promotes the material flow in the nugget zone and thus refines the grain structures. Meanwhile, diffusion of Ti and B elements from ceramic aluminum side to 2219Al side occurs in the nugget zone under such a case, which induces the formation of fine TiB₂ phases. The refined second phase particles (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃, Al₂Cu and TiB₂) are distributed uniformly, which makes the joint have higher mechanical properties. The present results offer the theoretical and technological foundation for the high-quality dissimilar friction stir welding of high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys.

Key words: friction stir welding, relative position of base metals, high-strength dissimilar aluminum alloys

中图分类号:

TG456

张会杰, 孔旭亮, 姚恩泽, 马康, 宋建岭. 母材相对位置对航天异种高强铝合金FSW接头组织性能的影响机理[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(18): 154-162.

ZHANG Huijie, KONG Xuliang, YAO Enze, MA Kang, SONG Jianling. Affecting Mechanism of Base Metal’s Relative Position on Microstructure and Property of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint of High-strength Aerospace Aluminum Alloys[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(18): 154-162.

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