氢燃料电池混合动力有轨电车的自适应瞬时等效能耗优化

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.06.226

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 226-238.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.06.226

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氢燃料电池混合动力有轨电车的自适应瞬时等效能耗优化

高锋阳¹, 张浩然^1,2

1. 兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院兰州 730070;
2. 中国铁道科学研究院深圳研究设计院深圳 518057

收稿日期:2022-04-10 修回日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-06-03
通讯作者: 张浩然(通信作者),男,1996年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为现代有轨电车混合动力系统能量管理技术。E-mail:1021235110@qq.com
作者简介:高锋阳,男,1970年出生,教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向为城轨列车的车载储能及故障诊断技术。E-mail:ljdgaofy@mail.lzjtu.cn
基金资助:
中车“十四五”科技重大专项计划(2021CXZ021)、广东省住房和城乡建设厅研究开发(2021-k35-115943)和国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1201003-020)资助项目。

Adaptive Instantaneous Equivalent Energy Consumption Optimization of Jydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Tram

GAO Fengyang¹, ZHANG Haoran^1,2

1. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070;
2. Shenzhen Research and Design Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Shenzhen 518057

Received:2022-04-10 Revised:2022-09-26 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-06-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市轨道交通机车负载具有空间分布广泛、冲击性强以及强脉动宽频域变化等特性，致使传统等效氢耗最小化策略 (Equivalent consumption minimization strategy, ECMS) 在应用到燃料电池混合动力有轨电车的能量管理时，存在工况适应性和鲁棒性差的问题，为此提出一种等效能量因子自适应调整的瞬时优化新方法。将传统马尔科夫链扩展到多维度状态空间中，构建计及运行车速、加速度以及道路坡度时变性的三维转移概率矩阵，采用蒙特卡洛采样法获取工况序列，并进行瞬时特征参数误差分析。基于等效氢耗理论，将电车牵引制动能耗分为内部氢能源的实时燃料消耗和外部储能电源的电能消耗两部分，推导等效能量因子随锂电池荷电状态(State of charge, SOC)自适应调整的数学模型，矫正电-氢能量转化的评估偏差。最后搭建300 kW有轨电车动力系统半主动式仿真平台，应用多维状态空间下的负载功率历程，对比所提策略、传统ECMS策略以及状态机策略的在线运行性能。结果表明，所提的有轨电车行驶工况构建方法瞬态误差低于1.2%，稳态误差低于0.2%，对高精度推演实际行驶场景具有广泛代表性和普适性；所提的能量管理策略根本上解决了基于瞬时优化的方法普遍存在的计算量庞大、控制结构复杂度高、功率分配和能耗无法实现全局最优的问题，工程应用前景广阔。

关键词: 燃料电池混合动力, 自适应等效能耗, 工况构建, 能量管理

Abstract: The locomotive load of urban rail transit has the characteristics of wide spatial distribution, strong impact and strong pulsation. As a result, the ECMShas the problems of poor condition adaptability and robustness. Therefore, a new instantaneous optimization method of adaptive adjustment of equivalent energy factor is proposed. A three-dimensional transition probability matrix considering the time-varying speed, acceleration and road slope is constructed. The working condition sequence is obtained by Monte Carlo sampling method, and the error of instantaneous characteristic parameters is analyzed. The mathematical model of adaptive adjustment of equivalent energy factor with the SOC of lithium battery is deduced to correct the evaluation deviation of electric hydrogen energy conversion. Build a semi-active simulation platform for 300 kW tram power system, and apply the traditional ECMS strategy and state machine strategy online respectively. The results show that the transient error of the proposed method is less than 1.2 % and the steady-state error is less than 0.2 %, which is representative and universal for the high-precision deduction of the actual driving scene; The proposed energy management strategy solves the problems of large amount of calculation, high complexity of control structure, and has broad engineering application prospects.

Key words: fuel cell hybrid, adaptive equivalent consumption, construction of driving conditions, energy management

中图分类号:

TM91

高锋阳, 张浩然. 氢燃料电池混合动力有轨电车的自适应瞬时等效能耗优化[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(6): 226-238.

GAO Fengyang, ZHANG Haoran. Adaptive Instantaneous Equivalent Energy Consumption Optimization of Jydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Tram[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(6): 226-238.

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氢燃料电池混合动力有轨电车的自适应瞬时等效能耗优化

Adaptive Instantaneous Equivalent Energy Consumption Optimization of Jydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Tram

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