基于分形理论的椭圆弧型指尖密封磨损特性分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.03.144

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 指尖密封是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型密封技术,其中磨损特性问题属于该技术领域的研究重点。基于分形理论,考虑指尖密封表面与转子表面间的接触关系,将指尖密封与转子的接触系数引入接触点的面积分布表达式,建立了指尖密封磨损分形模型,并构建了用于表征磨损能量转化和消耗过程的指尖密封能量密度数学模型;提出了椭圆弧型指尖密封的概念与结构,并与圆弧型、渐开线型指尖密封进行性能对比。计算结果表明接触系数始终小于且逼近于1,两个曲面处处接触,相互包容,接触系数有效;磨损分形模型与经典实验数据对比验证,变化趋势及数量级一致,磨损分形模型可行;存在一个可使体积磨损率最小、能量密度最大的分形维数(D=1.3);随着特征尺寸不断减小,体积磨损率逐渐减小,能量密度逐渐增大;椭圆弧型指尖密封相较于圆弧型、渐开线型指尖密封更适用于高径向跳动量、较高压差和较高转速的密封部位。

关键词: 指尖密封, 分形理论, 磨损率, 能量密度, 椭圆弧型

Abstract: As a new sealing technology with wide application potential, the wear characteristics of finger seal (FS) have been a research focus. Based on fractal theory and considering the contact relationship between the surfaces of the FS and the rotor, the contact coefficient between the FS and the rotor is introduced into the area distribution expression of contact point, a wear fractal model of the FS is established, and a mathematical model of FS energy density is built to characterize the wear energy transformation and consumption process. The concept and structure of elliptic arc finger seal (EAFS) are proposed, and the performance of EAFS is compared with that of arc finger seal (AFS) and involute finger seal (IFS). Results show that the contact coefficient is always less than but close to 1, the two surfaces are always in contact with each other, and the contact is very close, the contact coefficient is thus valid. Compared with the classical experimental data, the wear fractal model is consistent with the change trend and the order of magnitude, indicating the feasibility of the wear fractal model of FS. There is an optimal value (D=1.3) of fractal dimension, which can minimize the volume wear rate and maximize the energy density simultaneously. Results further reveal that reducing the characteristic size can effectively reduce the volume wear rate and increase the energy density. Comparing to AFS and IFS, EAFS is more suitable for sealing parts with larger radial runout, bigger pressure difference and higher rotating speed.

Key words: finger seal, fractal theory, wear rate, energy density, elliptic arc

中图分类号:

TB42

雷俊杰, 刘美红, HU Xiangping, 王娟, 王学良. 基于分形理论的椭圆弧型指尖密封磨损特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(3): 144-157.

LEI Junjie, LIU Meihong, HU Xiangping, WANG Juan, WANG Xueliang. Analysis of Wear Characteristics of Elliptic Arc Finger Seal Based on Fractal Theory[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(3): 144-157.

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