电动汽车内置式永磁同步电机转子温度在线估计

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.24.209

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (24): 209-222.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.24.209

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电动汽车内置式永磁同步电机转子温度在线估计

肖宗鑫^1,2, 胡明辉^1,2, 石力王^1,2,3, 周安健^1,2,3

1. 重庆大学机械与运载工程学院重庆 400044;
2. 重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室重庆 400044;
3. 重庆长安新能源汽车科技有限公司重庆 401120

收稿日期:2023-03-30 修回日期:2023-09-23 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-03-05
通讯作者: 胡明辉(通信作者),男,1975年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为车辆动力传动及控制、混合动力传动系统、电动汽车动力传动系统。E-mail:hu_ming@cqu.edu.cn
作者简介:肖宗鑫,女,1998年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为新能源汽车与智能网联汽车、电动汽车动力传动系统。E-mail:xxiaozongxin@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072053)

Rotor Temperature Online Estimation of Built-in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle

XIAO Zongxin^1,2, HU Minghui^1,2, SHI Liwang^1,2,3, ZHOU Anjian^1,2,3

1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044;
2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044;
3. Chongqing Changan New Energy Vehicle Technology Ltd, Chongqing 401120

Received:2023-03-30 Revised:2023-09-23 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-03-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 实现电动汽车车用永磁同步电机转子温度的在线监测不仅对保证电机的正常运行至关重要，同时还能增加电机峰值转矩持续时间，最大限度的发挥电机工作潜能。因此在磁-热双向耦合思想的基础上，提出具体的用于估计车用内置式永磁同步电机(Built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor，IPMSM)转子温度的磁-热双向耦合技术路线。首先，在传统的电机集中参数模型的基础上，建立考虑电机温度影响的集中参数电磁模型；然后，根据IPMSM材料的电阻、磁密、电导率等的温度特性建立考虑电机温度影响的电机损耗模型。最后，根据传热学原理和电机损耗分布对电机进行节点划分，建立IPMSM的等效热网络模型，并利用粒子群优化算法对热网络模型中的热力参数进行辨识。联合电磁模型、损耗模型与等效热网络模型构成磁-热双向耦合转子温度在线估计模型，实现对电机转子温度的快速在线估计。通过不同环境温度和不同工况下的台架试验与实车路试验验证转子温度估计模型的准确性，试验结果表明，所提出的转子温度估计模型具有较高的估计精度，转子温度估计误差均在±3 ℃以内，可更大程度地提高转子温度阈值，延长峰值转矩持续时间，提高电机性能。

关键词: 电动汽车, 内置式永磁同步电机, 转子温度, 磁-热双向耦合, 热网络模型

Abstract: Realizing the online monitoring of the rotor temperature of the permanent magnet synchronous motor used in electric vehicles is not only crucial to ensure the normal operation of the motor, but also increases the duration of the motor’s peak torque and maximizes the motor's working potential. Therefore, based on the idea of magneto-thermal bidirectional coupling, a specific magnetic-thermal bidirectional coupling technical route for estimating the rotor temperature of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for vehicles is proposed. Firstly, on the basis of the traditional motor lumped parameter model, a lumped parameter electromagnetic model considering the influence of motor temperature is established; then, based on the temperature characteristics of the resistance, magnetic density, and electrical conductivity of the IPMSM material, a motor loss model considering the influence of motor temperature is established. Finally, according to the principle of heat transfer and the distribution of motor loss, the motor is divided into nodes, an equivalent thermal network model of IPMSM is established, and the thermal parameters in the thermal network model are identified by particle swarm optimization algorithm. Combined with the electromagnetic model, loss model and equivalent thermal network model, a magneto-thermal bidirectional coupled rotor temperature online estimation model is constructed, which realizes the rapid online estimation of the rotor temperature of the motor. The accuracy of the rotor temperature estimation model is verified by bench tests and real vehicle road tests under different ambient temperatures and working conditions. The test results show that the proposed rotor temperature estimation model has high estimation accuracy, and the rotor temperature estimation errors are all within ±3 ℃, which can greatly increase the rotor temperature threshold, prolong the peak torque duration, and improve the motor performance.

Key words: electric vehicle, built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, rotor temperature, magnetic-thermal bidirectional coupling, thermal network model

中图分类号:

TM341

肖宗鑫, 胡明辉, 石力王, 周安健. 电动汽车内置式永磁同步电机转子温度在线估计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(24): 209-222.

XIAO Zongxin, HU Minghui, SHI Liwang, ZHOU Anjian. Rotor Temperature Online Estimation of Built-in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(24): 209-222.

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电动汽车内置式永磁同步电机转子温度在线估计

Rotor Temperature Online Estimation of Built-in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle

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