箔片气体动压轴承研究进展综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.21.092

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 箔片气体动压轴承具有转速高、摩擦功耗低、无油润滑以及良好的减振性能等优势，已在飞机换气系统和曝气鼓风机等领域广泛应用。近年来随着全球“碳达峰碳中和”战略的提出和实施，氢燃料电池汽车等成为产业热点，箔片气体动压轴承在燃料电池空压机领域的应用呈现“井喷”态势，但箔片轴承在适应燃料电池汽车复杂工况所必须具备的长寿命、高抗振性及高可靠性等方面，还远远没有得到充分验证，目前仍处于路况验证和技术迭代阶段。因此有必要在新工况和新性能需求大背景下，对箔片气体动压轴承的现有研究成果进行系统梳理和深入分析。介绍了箔片气体动压轴承的结构及在燃料电池空压机中的应用；评述了箔片气体动压轴承的高速特性、比承载能力、动力学稳定性以及启停寿命等关键性能指标及当前发展水平；分别从箔片气体动压轴承理论建模、气固耦合特性仿真算法、气膜热特性及温升控制、轴承转子系统动力学稳定性、箔片轴承抗振性及疲劳寿命、箔片表面涂层技术及启停寿命、箔片轴承动态性能测试与试验技术等方面，对箔片轴承关键技术进行了系统分析和综述；最后结合燃料电池汽车工况对高速离心式空压机的性能需求，对箔片气体轴承关键技术的发展趋势进行了预测和展望。

关键词: 箔片气体动压轴承, 高速离心式空压机, 无油润滑, 燃料电池, 轴承-转子系统动力学

Abstract: The foil air bearings (FABs) have been widely used in aerospace fields such as aircraft ventilation systems and civil fields such as aeration blowers due to high speed, low frictional power consumption, completely oil-free lubrication and good impact resistance. with the implementation of global emission peak and carbon neutrality, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) have become a hot spot for research. The application of FABs in the field of fuel cell air compressors also enters a blowout situation. Nevertheless, the performance of FABs in terms of long life, high vibration resistance and high reliability under the complex HFCV operating conditions till needs to be improved, so HFCV compressor FABs are in the road test and technical iteration stage. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the existing research results of FABs under the new operating conditions and performance requirements. The structure of FABs and their application in fuel cell air compressor are introduced. The key performance indicators such as high-speed characteristics, specific load capacity, dynamic stability and start-stop life of FABs and the current research progress are reviewed. The key technologies of FABs such as theoretical structure modelling, simulation algorithms of fluid-structure coupling, film thermal characteristics and temperature control, dynamic stability of rotor system, vibration resistance and fatigue life, coating technology and start-stop life, dynamic performance testing and experimental technology are systematically analysed and reviewed. Finally, according to the performance requirements of HFCV high-speed centrifugal compressors, the key technology development trend of FABs is predicted and prospected.

Key words: foil air bearings, high-speed centrifugal compressor, oil-free lubrication, fuel cell, dynamics of bearing-rotor system

中图分类号:

熊万里, 汪剑, 陈振宇, 孙文彪, 薛海南, 汤秀清. 箔片气体动压轴承研究进展综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(21): 92-113.

XIONG Wanli, WANG Jian, CHEN Zhenyu, SUN Wenbiao, XUE Hainan, TANG Xiuqing. Review of Research Status and Development of Foil Air Bearings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(21): 92-113.

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