面向人本智造的新一代操作工：参考架构、使能技术与典型场景

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.18.251

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (18): 251-264.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.18.251

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面向人本智造的新一代操作工：参考架构、使能技术与典型场景

黄思翰¹, 王柏村^2,3, 张美迪¹, 黄金棠¹, 朱启章¹, 杨赓²

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
2. 浙江大学流体传动与机电系统国家重点实验室杭州 310027;
3. 浙江大学浙江省先进制造技术重点实验室杭州 310027

收稿日期:2021-11-15 修回日期:2022-05-10 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-12-08
通讯作者: 王柏村(通信作者)，男，1990年出生，博士，研究员，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为智能制造、人-信息-物理系统(HCPS)、系统优化与管理等。E-mail：baicunw@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:黄思翰,男,1991年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为智能制造、数字孪生、制造系统重构;E-mail:hsh@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20200053)、浙江大学百人计划科研启动 (0020886)、中国博士后科学基金(2021M700420)和浙江省软科学研究计划(2022C35040)资助项目。

Operator 4.0 Towards Human-centric Smart Manufacturing: Framework, Enabling Technologies and Typical Scenarios

HUANG Sihan¹, WANG Baicun^2,3, ZHANG Meidi¹, HUANG Jintang¹, ZHU Qizhang¹, YANG Geng²

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. State Key Lab of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027;
3. Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027

Received:2021-11-15 Revised:2022-05-10 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 操作工人(Operator)是制造系统中最灵活、最具有主观能动性的要素。新兴信息技术赋能制造系统，驱动制造效率和质量的快速提升，同时也赋予操作工多样化感知、认知和控制的能力。面向以人为本的智能制造(人本智造)，传统操作工的角色定位已无法适应新场景、新技术和新问题，新一代操作工(Operator 4.0)应运而生。围绕操作工在制造系统中的作用，分析了历次工业革命至今操作工角色的变迁，并在人-信息-物理系统(Human-cyber-physical systems, HCPS)语义下阐述了新一代操作工的基本内涵。按照工作任务特点和技术方案，新一代操作工可分为力量型、认知增强型、协作型等种类；同时，从感知线程、认知线程和控制线程三个角度讨论了新一代操作工的参考架构；重点分析了新一代操作工的关键使能技术，包括外骨骼、增强现实、可穿戴技术、人工智能等。对新一代操作工的典型应用进行讨论，包括基于增强现实的复杂产品装配、工业机器人辅助制造和基于虚拟现实的制造培训等，展现新一代操作工的应用基础和效果，以期为人本智造的前沿探索、技术开发与实践应用提供参考。

关键词: 智能制造, 人本智造, 新一代操作工, 人-信息-物理系统(HCPS)

Abstract: Operator is the most flexible and initiative element in manufacturing systems. The emerging information technologies empower rapid improvements of efficiency and quality in manufacturing systems, while also enhancing operators with diverse capabilities in perception, perception and control. In human-centric smart manufacturing era, the traditional operators were unable to adapt to new scenes, technologies and problems, thus the new-generation operators (also called Operator 4.0) was proposed, studied and implemented. Based on operator functions in manufacturing system, the evolutions of operators' roles are analyzed from the perspectives of industrial revolutions. Also, the connotation of Operator 4.0 is analyzed in the context of human-cyber-physical systems. According to the task characteristics and technical scheme, Operator 4.0 can be divided into different types, including strength operator, cognitive enhancement operator, cooperative operator, etc. The reference architecture of Operator 4.0 is proposed from the perspectives of perceptive thread, cognitive thread and control thread. Key enabling technologies of Operator 4.0 are discussed, including exoskeleton, augmented reality, wearable technology, artificial intelligence, etc. Finally, the typical applications scenarios of Operator 4.0 are discussed, including augmented reality-aided complicated product assembly, industrial robot-aided manufacturing and virtual reality-aided manufacturing training, which reflect the application potential and effectiveness of Operator 4.0. This work is expected to provide references for the scientific research, technological development and practical applications of human-centric smart manufacturing.

Key words: intelligent manufacturing, human-centric smart manufacturing, Operator 4.0, human-cyber-physical systems

中图分类号:

黄思翰, 王柏村, 张美迪, 黄金棠, 朱启章, 杨赓. 面向人本智造的新一代操作工：参考架构、使能技术与典型场景[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(18): 251-264.

HUANG Sihan, WANG Baicun, ZHANG Meidi, HUANG Jintang, ZHU Qizhang, YANG Geng. Operator 4.0 Towards Human-centric Smart Manufacturing: Framework, Enabling Technologies and Typical Scenarios[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(18): 251-264.

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面向人本智造的新一代操作工：参考架构、使能技术与典型场景

Operator 4.0 Towards Human-centric Smart Manufacturing: Framework, Enabling Technologies and Typical Scenarios

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