• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 237-249.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.12.237

• 可再生能源与工程热物理 • 上一篇    下一篇

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尾流对串列式风力机性能影响的风洞试验研究

王泽栋1,2, 郝俊博1,2, 易文武1,2, 陈严1,2, 黄志鸿1,2   

  1. 1. 汕头大学智能制造技术教育部重点实验室 汕头 515063;
    2. 汕头大学能源所 汕头 515063
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-20 修回日期:2022-03-30 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 陈严(通信作者),男,1964年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为风能利用与风能机械等。E-mail:ychen@stu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王泽栋,男,1996年出生。主要研究方向为风能利用等。E-mail:19zdwang@stu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省应用型科技研发(2015B020240003)、国家自然科学基金(51976113)和国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划,2012AA051301)资助项目

Wind Tunnel Experiments for the Wake Effect on the Performance of Tandem Wind Turbines

WANG Zedong1,2, HAO Junbo1,2, YI Wenwu1,2, CHEN Yan1,2, HUANG Zhihong1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of MOE, Shantou University, Shantou 515063;
    2. Institute of Energy and Environmental Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063
  • Received:2021-09-20 Revised:2022-03-30 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-09-14

摘要: 随着单风电场的风力机数量逐渐增加,风力机之间的尾流扰动已成为影响风电场布局优化的重要因素。为此,设计风洞试验以研究尾流扰动对下游风力机性能的影响。首先,通过Cobra探头对单台风力机进行速度测量并计算速度损失和湍流参数,结果表明单台风力机尾流速度损失近似高斯函数形式,并沿下游损失减小,风力机湍流主要分布在尾流中心和边界层;与此同时,在功率谱密度分析中,近尾流区域出现明显3p周期性,叶尖出现明显n×p周期性。接着,对两台风力机串列布置,通过改变来流风速、下游风机位置、偏航等参数,重点研究串列式风力机尾流对功率性能效率的影响,试验表明风力机间距增加、来流湍流度增加和上游风力机偏航均能提高下游风机发电效率;此外,下游转向对功率特性无显著影响。最后,还研究湍流强度对尾流速度恢复的影响,结果表明,湍流入流的尾流速度恢复快于均匀入流。在实际风电场中,可通过计算风轮等效风速评估功率特性,以确定风力机布置位置。

关键词: 风力机, 风洞试验, 尾流效应, 串列布置

Abstract: The number of wind turbines in a single wind farm has gradually increased, and the wake disturbance among wind turbines has become an important influencing factor for optimizing the layout of wind farms. Therefore, wind tunnel experiments were designed, focusing on the influence of wake disturbance on the performance of the downstream wind turbine. Firstly, a Cobra probe was used to measure the velocity of a single wind turbine and calculate the loss and turbulence parameters. The results show that the wake velocity loss of a single wind turbine is approximately in the form of the Gaussian function, and the loss decreases along the downstream. Turbulence of wind turbine is mainly distributed in the center of wake and boundary layer. In power spectral density analysis, the wake frequency in the near wake area shows obvious 3p periodicity, while near the blade tip it shows obvious n×p periodicity. Subsequently, taking two model turbines in the tandem arrangement into account, the experiments studied the influence of the wake flow under different working conditions. The results show that the electric power of downstream wind turbine can be improved by increasing space between wind turbines, increasing turbulence of inflow and the yawing of upstream wind turbines. In addition, downstream steering has no significant effect on power characteristics. Finally, the influence of turbulence intensity on wake velocity recovery is studied. The results show that the wake velocity recovery of turbulent inflow is faster than that of uniform inflow. In the micro-layout of a real wind farm, the rotor equivalent wind speed can be calculated to evaluate the power characteristics of wind turbine and determine the arrangement of wind turbine location.

Key words: wind turbines, wind tunnel experiment, wake effect, tandem arrangement

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