数控机床进给轴热误差补偿技术研究综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.03.156

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (3): 156-173.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.03.156

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数控机床进给轴热误差补偿技术研究综述

刘阔^1,2, 韩伟¹, 王永青¹, 刘海波¹, 宋磊¹

1. 大连理工大学精密与特种加工教育部重点实验室大连 116024;
2. 华中科技大学数字制造装备与技术国家重点实验室武汉 430074

收稿日期:2020-05-10 修回日期:2020-11-14 出版日期:2021-02-05 发布日期:2021-03-16
通讯作者: 王永青(通信作者),男,1969年出生,长江学者特聘教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为测量-加工一体化、超低温冷却加工、装备在机测量理论与技术等。E-mail:yqwang@dlut.edu.cn
作者简介:刘阔,男,1983年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为数控机床综合误差补偿技术、数控加工装备智能化技术等。E-mail:liukuo@dlut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51775085、U1608251）、辽宁省‘兴辽英才计划’（XLYC1807081）和长江学者特聘教授奖励计划（T2017030）资助项目。

Review on Thermal Error Compensation for Feed Axes of CNC Machine Tools

LIU Kuo^1,2, HAN Wei¹, WANG Yongqing¹, LIU Haibo¹, SONG Lei¹

1. Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024;
2. State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074

Received:2020-05-10 Revised:2020-11-14 Online:2021-02-05 Published:2021-03-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 机床在内外热源共同作用下产生热变形，严重影响机床的精度稳定性与零件加工精度，如何抑制机床热误差是一个重要的研究领域。介绍了机床热误差避免方法和热误差补偿方法的研究进展。分析了直线进给轴误差的成因，并阐述了有/无预紧条件下丝杠热变形过程及机理。介绍了温度测点位置优化方法，以及数据驱动与机理驱动的热误差建模理念、方法及特点。介绍了旋转进给轴热误差测试方法，并给出了其建模及补偿效果。最后，对进给轴热误差补偿技术研究进行了展望。

关键词: 数控机床, 进给轴, 热误差, 热补偿, 精度稳定性, 热和谐设计

Abstract: The thermal deformation of the machine tool under the combined action of internal and external heat sources seriously affects the accuracy stability of the machine tool and the machining accuracy of components. How to suppress the thermal error of the machine tool is an important research field. The research progress of machine tool thermal error avoidance method and thermal error compensation method are introduced. The cause of the error of the linear feed axis is analyzed, and the thermal deformation process and mechanism of the ball screw with or without preload are explained. The optimization method of temperature measurement point location is introduced, as well as data-driven and physics-based thermal error modeling concepts, methods and characteristics. This paper introduces the thermal error test method of the rotary feed axis, and gives its modeling and compensation effects. Finally, the prospect of the research on the thermal error compensation technology of the feed axis is presented.

Key words: CNC machine tool, feed axis, thermal error, thermal compensation, accuracy stability, thermal harmony design

中图分类号:

TG156

刘阔, 韩伟, 王永青, 刘海波, 宋磊. 数控机床进给轴热误差补偿技术研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(3): 156-173.

LIU Kuo, HAN Wei, WANG Yongqing, LIU Haibo, SONG Lei. Review on Thermal Error Compensation for Feed Axes of CNC Machine Tools[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(3): 156-173.

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数控机床进给轴热误差补偿技术研究综述

Review on Thermal Error Compensation for Feed Axes of CNC Machine Tools

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