基于微尺度的列车制动金属镶嵌行为研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.02.210

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 210-218.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.02.210

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基于微尺度的列车制动金属镶嵌行为研究

周素霞^1,2, 白小玉^1,2, 裴顶峰³, 孙宇铎^1,2, 杨文澈^1,2

1. 北京建筑大学机电与车辆工程学院北京 100044;
2. 北京建筑大学城市轨道交通车辆服役性能保障北京市重点实验室北京 100044;
3. 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所北京 100081

收稿日期:2020-08-09 修回日期:2020-11-20 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-03-15
通讯作者: 白小玉(通信作者),女,1996年出生。主要研究方向为结构强度与摩擦磨损。E-mail:spencer0401@sina.com
作者简介:周素霞,女,1971年出生,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为结构的疲劳与断裂、金属材料的微观损伤、车辆动力学。E-mail:sxzhou1971@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51975038）、北京市自然科学基金（19L00001）和北京建筑大学基本科研业务费（X18246）资助项目。

Research on the Metal Mosaic Behavior of Train Braking Based on Microscale

ZHOU Suxia^1,2, BAI Xiaoyu^1,2, PEI Dingfeng³, SUN Yuduo^1,2, YANG Wenche^1,2

1. School of Mechanical-Electronic and Vehicle Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044;
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Service Performance of Vehicles, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044;
3. Metal&Chemistry Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081

Received:2020-08-09 Revised:2020-11-20 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 列车制动过程中，无论是踏面制动还是盘式制动都存在金属镶嵌现象，造成车轮踏面与制动盘盘面损伤，从而对车辆运行带来安全隐患。为研究金属镶嵌的形成原因及行为，选取低摩擦因数合成闸瓦与车轮、粉末冶金闸片与制动盘两种摩擦副产生的金属镶嵌物，进行宏观与微观形貌观察、材料物理及力学性能试验和材质成分含量分析。采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立盘式制动方式的微尺度结构模型，研究硬质磨粒对制动盘表面的划擦磨损过程，以及不同初始制动速度对制动盘面的磨损情况。结果表明，闸瓦及闸片上存在的金属镶嵌物源于车轮和制动盘材料，不同车速下的制动过程对制动盘材料塑性应变与最大接触应力影响不大，但较高速度加剧了材料变形，使塑性功转变为大量热。且当摩擦副间具备冷焊条件时，外界硬质磨粒易熔融于闸瓦或闸片表面成为金属镶嵌物的起始点，受到挤压切削作用并不断长大，影响车轮踏面及制动盘的工作性能。

关键词: 列车制动, 踏面制动, 盘式制动, 金属镶嵌, 试验分析

Abstract: In the process of train braking, the phenomenon of metal mosaic will occur in the tread braking and disc braking, which will cause damage to the wheel tread and surface of the brake disc, thus bringing potential safety hazards to the vehicle operation. In order to study the formation and behavior of metal mosaic, the metal mosaic produced by two friction pairs of low friction composite brake shoe and wheel, P/M brake pad and brake disc were selected for macroscopic and microscopic morphology observation, material physical and mechanical properties test and material composition content analysis. At the same time, the micro scale structure model of disc brake is established by ABAQUS to study the scuffing and wearing process of hard abrasive particles on the brake disc surface. The results show that the metal mosaic comes from the wheel and the brake disc. Braking at different speeds has little effect on the plastic strain and maximum contact stress of the brake disc material, but higher speed aggravates the material deformation and changes the plastic work into a large amount of temperature. When there is cold welding condition between the friction pairs, the external hard abrasive particles are easy to melt on the surface of the brake shoe or the brake disc and become the starting point of the metal mosaic, which is affected by the extrusion cutting action and grows up continuously, affecting the working performance of the wheel tread and the brake disc.

Key words: train brake, tread braking, disc braking, metal mosaic, test analysis

中图分类号:

U279

周素霞, 白小玉, 裴顶峰, 孙宇铎, 杨文澈. 基于微尺度的列车制动金属镶嵌行为研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(2): 210-218.

ZHOU Suxia, BAI Xiaoyu, PEI Dingfeng, SUN Yuduo, YANG Wenche. Research on the Metal Mosaic Behavior of Train Braking Based on Microscale[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(2): 210-218.

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基于微尺度的列车制动金属镶嵌行为研究

Research on the Metal Mosaic Behavior of Train Braking Based on Microscale

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