飞刀铣削中高速气浮电主轴转子动态特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.13.045

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (13): 45-54.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.13.045

• 特邀专栏：高性能电主轴技术 • 上一篇下一篇

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飞刀铣削中高速气浮电主轴转子动态特性研究

雷群^1,2, 袁雅阁³, 杜建军³, 李立毅¹

1. 哈尔滨工业大学电气工程及自动化学院哈尔滨 150001;
2. 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司广州 511356;
3. 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)机电工程与自动化学院深圳 518055

收稿日期:2020-07-22 修回日期:2021-02-07 出版日期:2021-07-05 发布日期:2021-08-31
通讯作者: 雷群(通信作者),男,1977年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为高速精密电主轴。E-mail:leiqun@haozhihs.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2018YFB2000100）和工信部工业强基（TC160A310/2）资助项目

Study on Rotor Dynamics Characteristics of High Speed Aerostatic Motorized Spindle during Fly-cutter Milling Process

LEI Qun^1,2, YUAN Yage³, DU Jianjun³, LI Liyi¹

1. School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001;
2. Guangzhou Haozhi Industrial Co., LTD, Guangzhou 511356;
3. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055

Received:2020-07-22 Revised:2021-02-07 Online:2021-07-05 Published:2021-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在实际的加工过程之中，加工表面的质量会由于转子振动而降低。多种作用力可导致转子振动，这些作用力包括不平衡磁拉力、加工过程中产生的切削力以及由于质量的不平衡分布导致的离心力。为深入分析这一问题，开展了气体静压轴承电主轴高速飞刀铣削过程中的转子动态特性研究。考虑上述作用力建立了一个五自由度的转子动力学铣削模型，并给出了不平衡磁拉力的计算公式；轴承的平移刚度、平移阻尼、角刚度和角阻尼的计算公式采用线性摄动法推导得出。转子动力学方程采用牛顿-欧拉方程推导得出，并利用特征方程、系统初始条件、阻抗法、状态空间模型等条件进行求解。对转子在空切削、不连续切削下的动态特性进行了数值仿真。研究发现，空切削时，转子形心的运动轨迹随运动状态变化，平稳状态时，在径向方向呈现为规则的圆形；切削过程中，主轴转子的振动特性受到转子质量偏心引起的离心力和周期性的切削力的共同影响。

关键词: 飞刀铣削, 轴承-转子系统, 动态特性, 不平衡磁拉力

Abstract: In the actual machining process, cutting force, unbalanced magnetic pull and centrifugal force caused by unbalance distribution of rotor mass will cause rotor vibration, which will directly reduce the quality of the machined surface. In order to deeply analyze the problem, the rotor dynamic characteristics of aerostatic bearing motorized spindle in high-speed flying milling process are studied. A five degree of freedom rotor dynamic milling model is established considering the above forces. The calculation formula of unbalanced magnetic pull is given. The linear perturbation method of small whirl of rotor is assumed. The dynamic film thickness and the dynamic film force are substituted into the Reynolds equation, which is used to derive the formulas for calculating the translational stiffness, the damping and the angular stiffness and the angular damping of the bearing. The rotor dynamic equations are derived based on Newton Euler equation, which are solved by combining the state space model, characteristic equation, impedance method and initial condition of the system. The numerical program is compiled to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the rotor for empty cutting and interrupted cutting. It is found that the radial trajectory of the centroid is circular for empty cutting when the rotor reaches the stable operation state; during the cutting process, the vibration characteristics of the rotor are affected by the centrifugal force caused by the rotor mass eccentricity and the periodic cutting force.

Key words: fly-cutter milling, bearing-rotor system, dynamic characteristics, unbalanced magnetic pull

中图分类号:

TH133

雷群, 袁雅阁, 杜建军, 李立毅. 飞刀铣削中高速气浮电主轴转子动态特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(13): 45-54.

LEI Qun, YUAN Yage, DU Jianjun, LI Liyi. Study on Rotor Dynamics Characteristics of High Speed Aerostatic Motorized Spindle during Fly-cutter Milling Process[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(13): 45-54.

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飞刀铣削中高速气浮电主轴转子动态特性研究

Study on Rotor Dynamics Characteristics of High Speed Aerostatic Motorized Spindle during Fly-cutter Milling Process

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