基于ALE流固耦合方法的刷式密封刷丝接触变形特性理论与试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.09.170

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 170-180.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.09.170

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基于ALE流固耦合方法的刷式密封刷丝接触变形特性理论与试验研究

孙丹¹, 杜宸宇¹, 刘永泉^2,3, 战鹏^2,3, 信琦^2,3

1. 沈阳航空航天大学航空发动机学院沈阳 110136;
2. 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所沈阳 110015;
3. 中国航发航空发动机动力传输航空科技重点实验室沈阳 110015

收稿日期:2019-06-12 修回日期:2019-12-09 出版日期:2020-05-05 发布日期:2020-05-29
通讯作者: 孙丹(通信作者),男,1981年出生,博士,教授。主要从事透平机械先进密封技术研究。E-mail:phd_sundan@163.com
作者简介:杜宸宇,男,1996年出生。主要从事刷式密封泄漏特性及力学特性研究。E-mail:18309299126@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51675351）、中国博士后科学基金（2018M633572）和辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划（LR2016033）资助项目。

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Bristle Contact Deflections Characteristics of Brush Seals Based on ALE Fluid-structure Interaction Method

SUN Dan¹, DU Chenyu¹, LIU Yongquan^2,3, ZHAN Peng^2,3, XIN Qi^2,3

1. School of Aero-engine, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136;
2. Shenyang Engine Design and Research Institute, Aero Engine(Group) Corporation of China, Shenyang 110015;
3. Key Lab for Power Transmission of Aero Engine, Aero Engine(Group) Corporation of China, Shenyang 110015

Received:2019-06-12 Revised:2019-12-09 Online:2020-05-05 Published:2020-05-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 刷式密封刷丝接触变形引起的泄漏损失、刷丝断裂等问题较为突出，现有刷式密封流固耦合方法存在因刷丝接触引起网格畸变而难以计算的问题。提出基于ALE（Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler）流固耦合方法建立刷式密封刷丝接触变形特性三维瞬态求解模型，设计搭建刷式密封刷丝接触变形观测试验装置，设计加工基本型和有/无压力腔低滞后型共三种刷式密封试验件，在理论计算与试验测试结果相互对比验证的基础上，系统研究压比和刷式密封结构对刷丝接触变形和接触应力的影响，基于接触摩擦力量化分析比较三种刷式密封的滞后效应。研究结果表明，ALE流固耦合方法解决了传统刷式密封数值方法难以计算的问题，可准确计算刷式密封的流场特性与刷丝接触变形特性；在所研究工况下，无压力腔低滞后型刷式密封泄漏量和刷丝轴向变形量最大，其刷丝固定端接触应力也最大，基本型刷式密封泄漏量和刷丝轴向变形量最小但产生的滞后效应最强，有压力腔低滞后型刷式密封可以减弱刷丝变形和滞后效应，但末排刷丝与后挡板的接触应力最大，该位置易发生因应力集中而导致刷丝断裂。

关键词: 刷式密封, ALE流固耦合方法, 接触变形特性, 接触摩擦力

Abstract: The problem of the leakage and bristle fracture produced by the bristle deflections of brush seals is very prominent. Existing fluid-structure interaction method of brush seals has difficulty in calculating for grid distortion caused by bristle contact deflections. Three-dimensional transient computational model for bristle contact deflections characteristics of brush seals is built based on arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) fluid-structure interaction method, observation experimental device for bristle contact deflections characteristics of brush seals was constructed, basic type, low-hysteresis type with pressure chamber and without pressure chamber three test pieces are processed, based on theoretical computation which is verified with experimental results, effects of pressure ratio and structure of brush seals on the bristle contact deflections and stress are predicted, hysteresis effects of three brush seals are compared quantitatively based on contact friction. The research results show that ALE fluid-structure interaction method can solve the problem which is difficult to calculate by traditional numerical method of brush seals, and can accurately calculate the flow field characteristics and the bristle contact deflections characteristics of the brush seals; Under the conditions here, the leakage and the bristle axial deflections of the low-hysteresis type without the pressure chamber are the largest, and the contact stress of the fixed end of the brush wire is also the largest, the leakage and the bristle axial deflection of the basic type are the smallest, but the hysteresis effect is the strongest, the low-hysteresis type of the pressure chamber can weaken the bristle deflection and hysteresis effect, but the contact stress of the last row of brush wire and the backing plate is the largest, and the brush wire is prone to fatigue fracture at this position due to stress concentration.

Key words: brush seals, ALE fluid-structure interaction method, contact deflections characteristics, contact friction

中图分类号:

TK263

孙丹, 杜宸宇, 刘永泉, 战鹏, 信琦. 基于ALE流固耦合方法的刷式密封刷丝接触变形特性理论与试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(9): 170-180.

SUN Dan, DU Chenyu, LIU Yongquan, ZHAN Peng, XIN Qi. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Bristle Contact Deflections Characteristics of Brush Seals Based on ALE Fluid-structure Interaction Method[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(9): 170-180.

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基于ALE流固耦合方法的刷式密封刷丝接触变形特性理论与试验研究

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Bristle Contact Deflections Characteristics of Brush Seals Based on ALE Fluid-structure Interaction Method

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