异种铝合金电阻点焊接头全场残余应力研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.16.084

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (16): 84-90.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.16.084

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异种铝合金电阻点焊接头全场残余应力研究

毛镇东¹, 阚盈², 姜云禄², 韩晓辉¹, 陈怀宁²

1. 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司青岛 266111;
2. 中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室(中国科学院金属研究所) 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2019-08-22 修回日期:2020-03-20 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-10-19
通讯作者: 阚盈(通信作者),男,1984年出生,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向为焊接过程数值模拟及力学性能评价。E-mail:ykan@imr.ac.cn
作者简介:毛镇东,男,1987年出生。主要研究方向为轨道车辆车体焊接制造技术及工艺。E-mail:mzdzhejiang@163.com

Overall Residual Stresses in the Resistance Spot Welding Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

MAO Zhendong¹, KAN Ying², JIANG Yunlu², HAN Xiaohui¹, CHEN Huaining²

1. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111;
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016

Received:2019-08-22 Revised:2020-03-20 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-10-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于仪器化压入试验和有限元理论，建立考虑接头微区力学性能的热-电-力耦合的异种铝合金电阻点焊有限元模型，并用该模型模拟5083与7N01铝合金电阻点焊接头截面上的整体残余应力场分布。用金相显微镜、硬度测试仪和全释放应变法获得点焊接头的熔核形貌、硬度分布及上下表面的残余应力，探讨点焊前后微区力学性能变化对接头残余应力大小及分布的影响。试验结果表明，5083与7N01铝合金进行电阻点焊后，熔核和热影响区材料发生软化，其硬度和流动应力与7N01母材相比明显降低。模拟结果表明，接头微区力学性能变化对残余应力分布规律的影响较小，对残余应力的峰值影响较大，熔核处于三向拉应力状态且熔核心部的残余应力最大。考虑微区力学性能的有限元模型计算得到的残余应力与试验测试结果一致，证明模型的有效性。

关键词: 电阻点焊, 铝合金, 残余应力, 仪器化压入, 数值模拟

Abstract: A thermal-electric-mechanical coupling finite element model is established based on the instrumented indentation test and the finite element theory. The resistance spot welding (RSW) process of 5083 and 7N01 aluminum alloy is simulated. The distribution of the residual stress in the joint is obtained. The experiment of resistance spot welding is carried out. The morphology of the nugget, the distribution of hardness and residual stresses on upper and lower surfaces are obtained by using the metallographic microscope, the hardness tester and the sectioning relaxation stain-gage method, respectively. The influences of mechanical properties on values and distributions of the residual stress are discussed. The experimental results show that the nugget and the heat affected zone(HAZ) are softened after RSW. Compared with the 7N01 base metal, the hardness and flow stress of the nugget and the HAZ significantly decreased. The simulation results show that the influence of mechanical properties on the distribution of residual stresses is small. The mechanical properties mainly influence the values of the residual stresses. The residual stress in the nugget is a three dimensional stress of tension. The peak value of the residual stress appears at the center of the nugget. The predicted residual stresses from the developed finite element model agree well with experimental results.

Key words: resistance spot welding, aluminum alloy, residual stress, instrumented indentation, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TG453

毛镇东, 阚盈, 姜云禄, 韩晓辉, 陈怀宁. 异种铝合金电阻点焊接头全场残余应力研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(16): 84-90.

MAO Zhendong, KAN Ying, JIANG Yunlu, HAN Xiaohui, CHEN Huaining. Overall Residual Stresses in the Resistance Spot Welding Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(16): 84-90.

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异种铝合金电阻点焊接头全场残余应力研究

Overall Residual Stresses in the Resistance Spot Welding Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

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