• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 137-147.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.05.137

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇    下一篇

数控机床两种几何误差建模方法有效性试验研究

董泽园1, 李杰2, 刘辛军3,4, 梅斌3, 陈俊宇5   

  1. 1. 北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院 北京 100191;
    2. 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 成都 610092;
    3. 清华大学机械工程系 北京 100084;
    4. 清华大学精密超精密制造装备及控制北京市重点实验室 北京 100084;
    5. 北京大学力学与工程科学系 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-19 修回日期:2018-05-16 出版日期:2019-03-05 发布日期:2019-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘辛军(通信作者),男,1971年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者,教育部"长江学者"特聘教授,国家"万人计划"领军人才。主要研究方向为机构学与机器人、先进制造装备。E-mail:xinjunliu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:董泽园,女,1990年出生。主要研究方向为三轴数控机床误差补偿。E-mail:dongzeyuan@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项资助项目(2013ZX04001-021)。

Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Two Different Geometric Error Modeling Methods for Machine Tools

DONG Zeyuan1, LI Jie2, LIU Xinjun3,4, MEI Bin3, CHEN Junyu5   

  1. 1. School of Automation Science and Electronical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
    2. Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group) Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610092;
    3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
    4. Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipment and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
    5. Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871
  • Received:2018-01-19 Revised:2018-05-16 Online:2019-03-05 Published:2019-03-05

摘要: 数控机床在制造行业中有着广泛的应用,数控机床精度对保证被加工零件质量起着关键作用,对机床平动轴几何误差进行补偿是进一步提升数控机床加工精度能力的重要手段。几何误差建模是几何误差补偿的基础,通常采用18项或21项几何误差建模方法,基于这两种建模方法,进行误差检测、辨识与补偿。但这两种建模方法对误差补偿的不同影响还没有系统的验证研究,根据验证结果指导采用更适宜的几何建模方法,对于改善误差补偿效果有着至关重要的意义。通过已经建立的数控机床的两种几何误差建模方法建模,开展了基于这两种误差模型的数控机床平动轴几何误差检测、辨识和补偿的仿真和试验研究,并对这两种误差补偿的有效性进行了系统性的分析比较。试验研究发现,18项几何误差建模方法能够精简地描述三轴数控机床的全几何误差项,21项几何误差建模方法则存在3项冗余角度误差项,造成精度预测模型的准确性降低。当通过建立精度预测模型进行机床空间误差补偿,试验研究发现采用18项几何误差建模方法的误差补偿效果优于采用21项几何误差建模方法的误差补偿效果,即18项几何误差建模方法更适用于三轴数控机床几何误差的软件补偿方法。该研究结论对于进一步提升数控机床加工精度的能力具有理论和实际的指导意义。

关键词: 几何误差建模方法, 试验验证, 数控机床, 误差补偿, 误差模型, 有效性

Abstract: Machine tools are widely used in manufacturing whose geometric accuracy has important influences on the accuracy of workpieces. Error compensation of machine tool translation axis is an important method to achieve high geometrical accuracy for machine tools, in which geometric modeling lays the foundation. There are two error modeling methods are usually used, i.e., error modeling based on 18 and 21 error components respectively. Error compensation which consist of error measuring, error identification and error compensation is usually based on these two kinds of models. And the different effects of error compensations based on the two kinds of models have not been systematically studied. However, the differences would bring different influences, which are quite important for realizing better error compensation effects. Based on identification and compensation, two different geometric error models are systematically analyzed and compared by studying the simulation and experiment of the error measuring. Described by 18-error model, the 3-axis machine tool has 18 geometric errors, while described by 21-error model it has 18 geometric errors in which there are three extra angular errors resulting in the distortion of the error prediction model. Furthermore, the simulation and experiments results of error compensation also show that the error model with 18 geometric error components is better in error compensation. The study can bring a clear suggestion for the error compensation method by using software.

Key words: effectiveness, error compensation, error model, experimental verification, geometric error modeling method, machine tool

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