绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧载流区温度的静电探针差动分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.04.060

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 60-66.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.04.060

绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧载流区温度的静电探针差动分析

李渊博¹, 杨涛², 郑韶先¹, 赵锡龙¹

1. 兰州交通大学机电工程学院兰州 730070;
2. 西安石油大学材料科学与工程学院西安 710065

收稿日期:2018-03-12 修回日期:2018-07-03 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-02-20
通讯作者: 李渊博(通信作者),男,1984年出生,讲师。主要研究方向为先进连接方法和焊接电弧物理。E-mail:liyuanbo1027@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51605384，51765030）和兰州交通大学青年科学基金（2018010）资助项目

Electrostatic Probe Differential Analysis for Temperature Distribution Diagnostics of Constricted Arc Current-carrying Region in Sheet Slanting Tungsten Electrode with Insulating Solid Wall

LI Yuanbo¹, YANG Tao², ZHENG Shaoxian¹, ZHAO Xilong¹

1. School of Mech-Electronic Technology, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070;
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065

Received:2018-03-12 Revised:2018-07-03 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 绝缘固壁和片状偏钨极的联合调控能够有效改变电弧温度分布，从而解决超窄间隙焊接过程中底角熔合不良的问题。为了明确绝缘固壁对片状偏钨极电弧温度的影响规律和调控机理，采用一种静电探针差动分析方法对绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧载流区进行诊断。结果表明，绝缘固壁对片状偏钨极电弧的固壁约束作用可提升电弧载流区温度峰值，使钨极厚度方向载流区温度分布范围明显收缩；约束作用能够强化片状偏钨极对电弧电流密度的引导作用，从而使电弧高温区沿钨极宽度方向向放电间隙小的位置发生整体偏移，且在电弧电场分布的影响下，沿弧长方向偏移程度由阳极向阴极减小；但过强的约束作用会导致钨极局部因电流密度过度集中而烧损，约束作用不足将无法对电弧载流区温度起到有效调控。

关键词: 焊接电弧, 静电探针, 载流区温度, 窄间隙焊接

Abstract: The method is proposed to control temperature distribution of arc in ultra narrow gap welding process with combined regulation of sheet tungsten electrode and insulating solid wall, and then the lack of fusion on the corner of square groove in ultra narrow gap can be avoided. For understanding the regulating mechanism of temperature distribution of constricted arc in sheet slanting tungsten electrode with insulating solid wall, the differential analysis of electrostatic probe is applied to diagnose the constricted arc current-carrying region. The results show that the peak temperature of arc current-carrying region in sheet slanting tungsten electrode could be enhanced by constricted effect of insulating solid wall, and then the temperature distribution range would shrink in thickness direction of sheet slanting tungsten electrode; the gap width of arc discharge could be changed by the sheet slanting tungsten electrode to lead the current density concentrate on the location with smaller gap width, which cause the global shift of higher temperature in arc, and the greater constricted effect would give rise to shift further; meanwhile the degree of shift would be reduced along the direction of arc length from anode to cathode under the influence of arc electric field; the excessive constricted effect could result in the arc current density concentrating on sheet slanting tungsten electrode locally to take electrode melting, moreover the temperature of arc current-carrying region in sheet slanting tungsten electrode could not be controlled effectively with insufficient constricted effect.

Key words: electrostatic probe, narrow gap welding, temperature distribution of current-carrying region, welding arc

中图分类号:

TG403

李渊博, 杨涛, 郑韶先, 赵锡龙. 绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧载流区温度的静电探针差动分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(4): 60-66.

LI Yuanbo, YANG Tao, ZHENG Shaoxian, ZHAO Xilong. Electrostatic Probe Differential Analysis for Temperature Distribution Diagnostics of Constricted Arc Current-carrying Region in Sheet Slanting Tungsten Electrode with Insulating Solid Wall[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(4): 60-66.

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绝缘固壁约束片状偏钨极电弧载流区温度的静电探针差动分析

Electrostatic Probe Differential Analysis for Temperature Distribution Diagnostics of Constricted Arc Current-carrying Region in Sheet Slanting Tungsten Electrode with Insulating Solid Wall

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