• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 178-188.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.12.178

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

扫码分享

动车组车体异常弹性振动原因及抑制措施研究

李凡松, 王建斌, 石怀龙, 邬平波   

  1. 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-12 修回日期:2018-12-20 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 邬平波(通信作者),男,1968年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为车辆系统动力学与结构可靠性。E-mail:wupingbo@163.com
  • 作者简介:李凡松,男,1989年出生,博士。主要研究方向为车体弹性振动与疲劳强度。E-mail:lifansong2013@163.com;王建斌,男,1981年出生,博士,讲师。主要研究方向为车辆振动与振动测试。E-mail:resunwang@163.com;石怀龙,男,1986年出生,博士,讲师。主要研究方向为车辆减振与弹性振动。E-mail:hl_shi@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51475388)、国家重点研发计划(2016YFB1200506)和牵引动力国家重点实验室自主课题(2015TPL_Z03)资助项目

Research on Causes and Countermeasures of Abnormal Flexible Vibration of Car Body for Electric Multiple Units

LI Fansong, WANG Jianbin, SHI Huailong, WU Pingbo   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031
  • Received:2018-05-12 Revised:2018-12-20 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-06-20

摘要: 动车组车体正常运营状态下可以保持十分优异的动力学性能,给乘客创造舒适的出行环境,但在偶然情况下也会出现异常弹性振动,也被称为抖车问题,严重影响车辆运行品质。基于线路实测车轮和钢轨外形,建立考虑弹性车体的动车组刚柔耦合动力学模型,仿真再现了动车组车体异常弹性振动现象,并对异常振动原因进行了研究。结果表明:动车组车轮与钢轨匹配关系异常,轮对等效锥度达到0.65,导致转向架蛇行运动频率达到9~10 Hz,与动车组车体一阶菱形模态频率接近,是引发车体产生异常振动的原因。基于此原因,改善轮轨匹配条件、提升车体一阶菱形模态频率和控制转向架蛇行运动相位关系是抑制异常弹性振动的三大方向。通过仿真分析发现,打磨钢轨和镟修车轮均能改善轮轨匹配关系,进而有效解决抖车问题;提升车体一阶菱形模态频率可将转向架蛇行运动频率与车体弹性模态频率分隔开,从而降低车体异常弹性振动;另外,使前后转向架反相位蛇行运动也可以避免激发车体一阶菱形模态。最终建议对异常振动线路轨道进行打磨处理;对于新设计高速动车组车体,建议提升车体一阶菱形模态频率,以提升了动车组车体对磨耗车轮和异常线路的适应性。

关键词: 弹性振动, 动车组, 抖车, 轮轨接触, 蛇行运动, 抑制措施

Abstract: Under normal operating condition, electric multiple units(EMU) car body can maintain a very excellent dynamic performance, which could create a comfortable travel environment for passengers. But in case of occasional abnormal flexible vibration, also known as the car body shaking phenomenon, which seriously affecting the ride quality. Based on the measured wheel and rail profile, the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of an EMU vehicle with flexible car body is established. The abnormal flexible vibration of vehicle car body is simulated and the causes of the abnormal vibration are studied. The results show that wheel-rail contact relationship is abnormal and the equivalent conicity reaches 0.65, which leads to the frequency of bogie hunting motion comes up to 9-10 Hz, which is close to the first-order diagonal distortion mode frequency of EMU car body. As a result, car body shaking phenomenon occurs. For this reason, improving wheel-rail contact relationship, increasing the first-order diagonal distortion mode frequency and controlling the phase relationship of two bogies hunting motion is the three main directions to suppress the abnormal flexible vibration. Through the simulation analysis, it is found that grinding rail and re-profiling wheel can improve the wheel-rail contact relationship, which effectively solve the problem of car body shaking. Improving the first-order diagonal distortion mode frequency of the car body can be used to separate the bogie hunting motion frequency from the car body elastic mode frequency, then the abnormal vibration can be suppressed. In addition, controlling the front and rear bogie anti-phase hunting motion can also avoid the car body shaking due to first-order diagonal distortion mode. At last, it is recommended to polish the abnormal rail profile. In order to enhance the adaptability of EMU car body on worn wheel and abnormal line, for the new designed high-speed EMU car body, it is recommended to increase the first-order diagonal distortion mode frequency. *

Key words: car body shaking, countermeasures, electric multiple units, flexible vibration, hunting motion, wheel-rail contact

中图分类号: