GMAW自动焊熔透影响因素分析及多元回归预测

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.18.055

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (18): 55-61.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.18.055

扫码分享

GMAW自动焊熔透影响因素分析及多元回归预测

马可¹, 薛龙¹, 黄军芬¹, 黄继强¹, 邹勇¹, 姜天胜²

1. 北京石油化工学院机械工程学院北京 102617;
2. 中国航天科工二院699厂北京 100854

收稿日期:2017-12-19 修回日期:2018-03-26 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
通讯作者: 黄军芬(通信作者),女,1975年出生,博士,讲师。主要从事焊接自动化、水下焊接工艺等研究工作。E-mail:huangjunfen@bipt.edu.cn
作者简介:马可,男,1993年出生。主要从事焊接自动化方面的研究工作。E-mail:530364630@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51505035）、北京市教委科技计划重点（KZ201810017022）和北京市科技计划课题重点（Z171100000817008）资助项目。

Analysis of Influence Factors and Multivariable Regression Prediction of Penetration for Automatic GMAW

MA Ke¹, XUE Long¹, HUANG Junfen¹, HUANG Jiqiang¹, ZOU Yong¹, JIANG Tiansheng²

1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617;
2. The 699 factory, Second Research Institute of China Aerospace Science And Industry Corporation, Beijing 100854

Received:2017-12-19 Revised:2018-03-26 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： GMAW自动打底焊易出现未焊透及焊漏现象，成为焊接自动化的瓶颈问题。以焊缝背面熔宽作为表征熔透状态的参考信息，探究对打底焊接质量影响较大的焊接电流、焊接速度、坡口间隙及坡口角度4个焊接工艺参数对背面熔宽的影响规律。开展GMAW打底焊接试验研究，分析背面熔宽随上述焊接参数的变化趋势。试验结果及分析表明：随着焊接电流的增大，背面熔宽呈上升趋势，熔透状态由“未熔透”过渡到“过熔透”；随着焊接速度的增大，背面熔宽呈下降趋势，熔透状态由“过熔透”过渡到“未熔透”；背面熔宽随着坡口间隙与坡口角度的增大而增大，过小的坡口间隙与角度易产生“未熔透”。鉴于背面熔宽随4个焊接工艺参数增加而单调增加或单调减少，采用多元线性回归方法建立4个参数与焊缝背面熔宽的数学模型，该模型通过了回归模型的拟合优度检验、整体检验及回归系数检验。通过GMAW试验对数学模型进行了验证，结果表明建立的回归模型数学表达式能够对焊缝背面熔宽尺寸进行较为准确的预测，为GMAW自动打底焊参数调节提供指导。

关键词: 背面熔宽预测, 打底焊, 多元回归模型, 熔化极气体保护焊, 自动焊

Abstract: No penetration and "Excessive penetration" are easy to appear in automatic backing GMAW, which becomes the bottleneck of welding automation. Taking the back-bead width as the reference information characterizing the penetration state, the influences of the 4 welding parameters of welding current, welding speed, groove gap and angle on the back-bead width are studied. The backing GMAW tests are carried out, and the data analysis of the results show that, with the increase of the welding current, the back-bead width increases, and the penetration state changes from "No penetration" to "Excessive penetration"; with the increase of the welding speed, the back-bead width decreases, and the penetration state changes from "Excessive penetration" to "No penetration"; the back-bead width increases with the groove gap or angle, and the small gap and angle are easy to cause "No penetration". Since the back-bead width increases or decreases monotonously with the increase of each welding parameter, a mathematical model of the 4 welding parameters and back-bead width is established by the multivariable linear regression, which passed tests of Goodness of Fit, Overall Significance of Regression and Significance of Variables. The mathematical model is verified by GMAW tests, and the results showed that the mathematical expression of the regression model can predict the back-bead width accurately. The study provides guidance for the parameters adjustment of automatic backing GMAW.

Key words: automatic welding, back-bead width prediction, backing welding, gas metal arc welding, multivariable regression model

中图分类号:

TG409

马可, 薛龙, 黄军芬, 黄继强, 邹勇, 姜天胜. GMAW自动焊熔透影响因素分析及多元回归预测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(18): 55-61.

MA Ke, XUE Long, HUANG Junfen, HUANG Jiqiang, ZOU Yong, JIANG Tiansheng. Analysis of Influence Factors and Multivariable Regression Prediction of Penetration for Automatic GMAW[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(18): 55-61.

参考文献

[1] XUE Long,ZOU Yong,HUANG Jiqiang,et al. Constant speed control for complex cross-section welding using robot based on angle[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,27(2):260-268.
[2] 朱庆太,李伟. 焊接机器人在焊接自动化技术中的应用现状探讨[J]. 装备制造技术,2016,12:183-184. ZHU Qingtai,LI Wei. Application status of welding robot in welding automation technology to explore[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology,2016,12:183-184.
[3] ZOU Yong,JIANG Lipei,LI Yunhua,et al. Welding deviation detection algorithm based on extremum of molten pool image[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(1):74-83.
[4] 蒋艺飞,冯国雄,张佳佳,等. 中厚板焊接机器人焊接质量提升方法[J]. 装备制造技术,2015,11:144-146. JIANG Yifei,FENG Guoxiong,ZHANG Jiajia,et al. Welding quality improvement method for medium and heavy plate welding robot[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology,2015,11:144-146.
[5] 黄继强,薛龙,黄军芬,等. 高压环境下CMT焊接电弧行为及焊缝性能[J]. 金属学报,2016,52(1):93-99. HUANG Jiqiang,XUE Long,HUANG Junfen,et al. Arc behavior and joints performance of CMT welding process in hyperbaric atmosphere[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(1):93-99.
[6] XUE Long,WU Jinming,HUANG Junfen,et al. Welding polarity effects on weld spatters and bead geometry of hyperbaric dry GMAW[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,29(2):351-356.
[7] 黄宗仁,董岱林,冯琳娜,等. 核电厂主管道手工焊与自动焊工艺对比分析[J]. 电焊机,2015,11(45):107-111. HUANG Zongren,DONG Dailin,FENG Linna,et al. Comparison and analysis of manual welding and automatic welding in primary piping of nuclear power plant[J]. Electric Welding Machine,2015,11(45):107-111.
[8] 刘立君,兰虎,郑红艳,等. MIG焊电弧声信号与熔透状态相关性[J]. 机械工程学报,2010,46(14):79-84. LIU Lijun,LAN Hu,ZHENG Hongyan,et al. Relationship between arc sound signal and penetration status in MIG welding[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,46(14):79-84.
[9] 岳建峰,李亮玉,王天琪,等. 基于正面焊接多信息融合的GMAW熔透控制[J]. 机械工程学报,2009,45(11):283-287. YUE Jianfeng,LI Liangyu,WANG Tianqi,et al. Penetration control of GMAW based on multi-informational fusion from the front surface[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(11):283-287.
[10] 李春凯,石玗,顾玉芬,等. 连续脉冲GTAW不同熔透状态熔池振荡频率特征及分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2016,52(20):44-50. LI Chunkai,SHI Yu,GU Yufen,et al. Characteristic and analysis of weld pool oscillation frequency in different penetration status for continuous P-GTAW[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(20):44-50.
[11] 高向东,梁剑斌,刘桂谦,等. 大功率光纤激光焊熔透状态模糊聚类识别方法[J]. 焊接学报,2017,38(5):22-25. GAO Xiangdong,LIANG Jianbin,LIU Guiqian,et al. Identification of high-power fiber laser welding penetration based on fuzzy clustering algorithm[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2017,38(5):22-25.
[12] LIU Y K,ZHANG W J,ZHANG Y M. Estimation of weld joint penetration under varying GTAW pools[J]. Welding Journal,2013,92(11):313-321.
[13] 杨嘉佳,王克鸿,吴统立,等. 基于熔池视觉特征的铝合金双丝焊熔透识别[J]. 焊接学报,2017,38(3):49-52. YANG Jiajia,WANG Kehong,WU Tongli,et al. Welding penetration recognition in aluminum alloy tandem arc welding based on visual characters of weld pool[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2017,38(3):49-52.
[14] 李亮玉,王燕. 基于焊接温度场正面信息的熔透控制方法及验证[J]. 机械工程学报,2002,38(12):116-120. LI Liangyu,WANG Yan. Penetration control method and verification based on the positive information of welding temperature[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2002,38(12):116-120.
[15] 赵明,武传松,胡庆贤,等. TIG焊接熔透熔池形状和表面变形的数值模拟[J]. 机械工程学报,2006,42(10):203-208. ZHAO Ming,WU Chuansong,HU Qingxian,et al. Numerical simulation of TIG welding pool shape and surface deformation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2006,42(10):203-208.
[16] 樊丁,顿小春,张刚,等. 钨极氩弧焊熔池动态行为和焊工调控特征信息检测与分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2018,54(2):27-33. FAN Ding,DUN Xiaochun,ZHANG Gang,et al. Detection and analysis of weld pool dynamic behavior and welder control information in GTAW[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(2):27-33.
[17] MOHSEN K,MASOOD A,EHSAN H J,et al. Optimization of the depth of penetration by welding input parameters in SAW process using response surface methodology[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2016,47(1):714-719.
[18] 张刚,樊丁,石玗,等. 焊接电参数对GTAW熔透状态的影响[J]. 焊接学报,2016,37(2):25-28. ZHANG Gang,FAN Ding,SHI Yu,et al. Effect of welding electric parameters on weld penetration of GTAW[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2016,37(2):25-28.
[19] 张永强,陈武柱,双元卿,等. 激光-MIG复合焊熔透状态评价方法[J]. 焊接学报,2010,31(8):41-44. ZHANG Yongqiang,CHEN Wuzhu,SHUANG Yuanqing,et al. Evaluation method of penetration statuses in LASER-MIG hybrid welding[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2010,31(8):41-44.
[20] 陈华斌,樊重建,林涛,等. 基于前馈补偿的五通连接器机器人GTAW熔透控制[J]. 上海交通大学学报,2009,43(1):71-74. CHEN Huabin,FAN Chongjian,LIN Tao,et al. Penetration control of robotic GTAW for five-port connector based on feedforward compensation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2009,43(1):71-74.

GMAW自动焊熔透影响因素分析及多元回归预测

Analysis of Influence Factors and Multivariable Regression Prediction of Penetration for Automatic GMAW

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	杨东青, 谢高齐, 郭顺, 彭勇, 王克鸿, 黄俊. 排列角度对高氮钢双丝GMAW熔滴过渡行为及成形特性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(16): 171-179.
[2]	张刚, 徐梓龙, 石玗, 朱明, 樊丁. 双频调制脉冲TIG打底焊电弧-熔池行为分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(12): 245-252.
[3]	朱明, 颜步云, 石玗, 樊丁, 张刚. 单电源双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊智能控制研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(17): 35-40.
[4]	黄军芬, 薛龙, 黄继强, 邹勇, 马可, 焦向东. 基于视觉传感的GMAW熔透状态预测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(17): 41-47.
[5]	周彦彬, 史吉鹏, 刘黎明. MAG-TIG双电弧共熔池热源打底焊接自由成形研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(10): 78-84.
[6]	樊丁, 盛文文, 黄健康, 石玗, 朱明. 双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW高效焊接工艺[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(2): 13-18.
[7]	王雪宙, 朱明, 石玗, 樊丁. 双丝旁路耦合电弧熔化极气体保护焊旁路熔滴过渡行为的模拟与分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(10): 54-58.
[8]	岳建锋;李亮玉;刘文吉;王天琪. 基于外加高频交变磁场下向MAG焊熔池成形控制[J]. , 2013, 49(8): 65-70.
[9]	朱明;石玗;王桂龙;樊丁. 双丝旁路耦合电弧GMAW熔滴过渡特性分析[J]. , 2013, 49(12): 50-54.
[10]	朱明;石玗;王桂龙;黄健康;樊丁. 双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊双变量解耦控制模拟与试验分析[J]. , 2012, 48(22): 46-51.
[11]	刘凤德;张宏;王宇琪;薛川. 面能量对激光—电弧复合焊接焊缝及熔滴过渡的影响[J]. , 2012, 48(14): 84-90.
[12]	朱明;石玗;黄健康;樊丁. 双丝旁路耦合电弧高效熔化极气体保护焊过程模拟及控制[J]. , 2012, 48(10): 45-49.
[13]	华学明;宋政;李芳;吴毅雄;樊勇. 脉冲熔化极气体保护焊焊接电源—电弧系统建模与仿真[J]. , 2010, 46(8): 78-82.
[14]	孟凡军;朱胜;巴德玛. 45CrNiMoVA钢堆焊修复层组织及摩擦学性能[J]. , 2008, 44(4): 150-153.
[15]	王志江;张广军;张裕明;吴林. 非熔化极气体保护焊接熔池表面形貌三维传感及其装置设计[J]. , 2008, 44(10): 300-303.