• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

›› 1958, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (2): 61-80.

• 论文 •    下一篇

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蒸汽透平的给水多级回热加热理论

雅·奈可尔尼   

  1. 捷克布拉格铁道学院
  • 发布日期:1958-03-01

A THEORY OF REGENERATIVE FEEDWATER HEATING

DR.JAROSI.AV NEKOLNY   

  1. 捷克布拉格铁道学院
  • Published:1958-03-01

摘要: 奈可尔尼博士的论文,用新的方法阐明了关于利用从蒸汽透平膨胀过程中的撤汽,来加热给水的问题。奈可尔尼博士的方法与前人的不同,它在分析此问题时不假定蒸汽在透平中是按绝热线作理论膨胀,而是考虑到了各种损失,使结果大大地接近了实际的膨胀过程。同时,这个较为准确的方法,在数学方面非常简单。这是由于实际上撤汽焓差q=I-I'(在各加热器中传给给水的热量)在膨胀线的所有各点上大致相等地缘故。如把q=常数的线绘入I-s图,就可证实这一点。正因为这样,就使得我们能够简单地计算各撤汽点的最有利分布,改善热循环的效率,并计算其他一系列有趣味的数值;同时也较便于考虑加热器中的末端温差,并把汽轮机实际膨胀线与q=常数线的差异对于上述计算的影响考虑进去。奈可尔尼博士对在蒸汽电厂设计中常见的主要汽水系统进行了计算,并提出了自己的见解,认为:如在每级的加热器中装设输水冷却器,其效果相当与不太巧妙的具有疏水泵的联接。作者并论及了在背压运行时回热的意义,对在多级循环中应用此新法的可能性也作了说明。奈可尔尼博士的论文给在米施柯夫斯基教授的讲稿中所研究涉及的问题,带来了许多新东西,所以它是对蒸汽(动力)循环理论的一个有价值得贡献。

Abstract: The work of Dr. Nokolny deals with the problem of feedwator heating by bleeding steam in a new way. Methods previously used have started with a supposition that the steam expanses through an ideal turbine (adiabatic expansion), while in this article, based on such a fact that the difference of enthalpy along the expansion line q=I-I' is roughly constant, different losses tire taken into account. Taking no account of that the conclusions aims reached are mathematically very simple, it agrees with the real process far more better. Beside it, this assumption makes it possible to easily determine the optimum arrangement of the extraction points. Starting with the same assumption, the author has calculated three typical cycles, some other interesting values as well, has analysed the ease of working fluid other than water. All the results have been summed up into series of formulae or diagrams by the help of which calculation could be carried out by simple replacement or reading on the graph. Thus the calculation of mufti-stage regeneration becomes as simple as single-stage.The author points out that the cascade cycles with draincooler heaters are equivalent to those with drain pumps located below each heater from the view point of thermal efficiency. Thus the former cycles could be replaced by the latter without rising in heat rate. But in the case of a large number of heaters (e.g. regeneration is carried out after every stage o f turbine) both the drafncoolors and the drain pumps lose their importance. To reach the top of the improvement of efficiency by moans of' regenerator it might be reasonable to extract steam after every stage of turbine and form a combined heater in which all the stages are consisted in.