永磁直驱机车电机短路工况下的动态响应研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260734

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着永磁同步电机在轨道交通领域的广泛应用，对其故障工况下运用安全性研究愈发必要。相间短路虽不属于永磁同步电机最常见的故障类型，但如若发生便会对轨道车辆运行安全造成严重影响。为了确保永磁直驱客运机车相间短路状态下的安全运用，同时探索该类型机车在短路故障工况下关键结构的动态响应，试验采用车辆滚动试验台、通过隔离接触器模拟机车正常运用及电机两相、三相短路工况，同步记录机车电机、轴箱、构架以及车体等结构的振动与载荷时间历程，并实时监控电机侧和变流器输出侧的电压和电流。研究表明，短路侧振动与载荷幅值普遍达到正常工况的5倍以上，三相短路瞬间响应虽大于两相短路，但其维持时间通常不超过0.5 s；两相与三相短路工况的频响特性虽有较大差异，但均表现出与速度级的高度相关性。研究系统地给出永磁机车结构在电机相间短路工况下振动与载荷的幅频特性，并对结构安全性进行了研究，本研究为永磁同步电机在机车领域的安全运用提供了数据支撑，具有良好的工程价值。

关键词: 永磁同步电机, 客运机车, 相间短路, 结构振动, 杆件载荷, 幅频特性

Abstract: With the widespread application of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSM) in the field of rail transportation, the necessity of researching operational safety under fault conditions has become increasingly prominent. Although inter-phase short-circuit is not the most common fault type in PMSMs, its occurrence can seriously impact the operational safety of rail vehicles. To ensure the safe operation of permanent magnet direct-drive passenger locomotives during inter-phase short-circuit conditions and to explore the dynamic response of key structures under such fault scenarios, this test employs a vehicle rolling test bench and simulated normal operation as well as two-phase and three-phase short-circuit conditions using isolation contactors. The vibration and load time histories of key structures, including the locomotive motor, axle box, frame, and car body, are simultaneously recorded, while voltages and currents on both the motor side and converter output side are monitored. The study reveals that the vibration and load amplitudes on the short-circuit side generally reached more than five times those under normal conditions. The instantaneous response during a three-phase short-circuit is greater than that of a two-phase short-circuit, but its duration typically does not exceed 0.5 s. Although the frequency response characteristics of two-phase and three-phase short-circuit conditions differed significantly, both exhibited a high correlation with speed levels. This study systematically presents the amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration and load in permanent magnet locomotive structures under motor inter-phase short-circuit conditions and investigates structural safety. The study provides data support for the safe application of PMSMs in the locomotive field, demonstrating significant engineering value.

Key words: PMSM, passenger locomotive, inter-phase short-circuit, structural vibration, load, amplitude-frequency characteristic

中图分类号:

U264

张一喆, 储高峰, 张志超, 高翔, 宋安东, 陈吉永. 永磁直驱机车电机短路工况下的动态响应研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 445-455.

ZHANG Yizhe, CHU Gaofeng, ZHANG Zhichao, GAO Xiang, SONG Andong, CHEN Jiyong. Research on Dynamic Response of Permanent Magnet Direct-drive Locomotive Motor under Short-circuit Fault Conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 445-455.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260734

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/445

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