承力孔孔边倒角高速超声冲击强化方法及表面完整性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260257

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在飞行器结构中，承力孔孔边倒角作为典型的应力集中细节，在承受复杂交变载荷时易产生疲劳裂纹，从而影响飞行器的整体服役寿命。然而在对孔边倒角进行强化时，由于其尺寸过小，且存在倾角，因此难以使用传统方式进行强化，且其加工精度难以保证。针对此问题，本研究提出了一种可提升孔边倒角表面性能的高速超声冲击强化方法。通过理论分析得到了倒角超声冲击强化的运动学分析和倒角表面形貌的形成原理。同时通过45钢超声冲击强化实验，探究了超声冲击处理的工艺参数(预压深度、主轴转速、强化时间)对倒角表面完整性的影响。实验结果表明该高速超声冲击强化方法可显著降低倒角表面粗糙度，并在倒角表面引入残余压应力，形成硬化变形层，验证了超声冲击强化对孔边倒角表面完整性的提升效果。

关键词: 超声强化, 孔加工, 高速加工, 倒角, 表面完整性

Abstract: As a common stress concentration detail in the aircraft structure, the chamfer of bearing hole is prone to fatigue cracks when subjected to complex alternating loads, affecting the service life of the aircraft. Because of its small size and tilt angle, the hole chamfer is difficult to strengthen with conventional methods, and usually accompanied with low machining precision. A high- precision high-speed ultrasonic peening access is adopted for improving the surface performance of hole chamfer. The kinematics for hole chamfer ultrasonic peening machining through theoretical model is developed to study the surface generation mechanism of the machining process. Moreover, the effects of preload depth, spindle speed, strengthening time on surface integrity are analyzed. The best machining parameters are chosen for 45 steel hole chamfer. It was found that the high-speed ultrasonic peening process can efficiently reduce the surface roughness of the chamfer surface, form hardened layer in the subsurface, and introduce compressive residual stress at the same time. The results prove that the high-speed ultrasonic peening method can be applied on the hole chamfer for its considerable improvement on surface integrity.

Key words: ultrasonic strengthening, hole machining, high-speed machining, hole chamfer, surface integrity

中图分类号:

TG156

白昭若, 黄康华, 汤明军, 丰淑龙, 冯峰, 张建富, 冯平法, 张翔宇. 承力孔孔边倒角高速超声冲击强化方法及表面完整性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(5): 434-442.

BAI Zhaoruo, HUANG Kanghua, TANG Mingjun, FENG Shulong, FENG Feng, ZHANG Jianfu, FENG Pingfa, ZHANG Xiangyu. A Controllable High-precision High-speed Ultrasonic Peening Method for Hole Chamfer and the Analysis of Surface Integrity[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(5): 434-442.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I5/434

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