基于超声导波谱估计的频散曲线重构与薄壁结构损伤定量评估方法

doi:10.3901/JME.260040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 薄壁结构广泛用于航空、航天、交通等领域，其结构完整性是保障装备服役安全的前提。由于疲劳、冲击、复杂环境等因素，薄壁结构易出现腐蚀、裂纹等多种不易辨识的缺陷。随着薄壁结构的日益大型化、复杂化，传统检测方法通常难以兼顾检测的快速性和准确性。为此，提出了基于超声导波的局部波数重构与损伤量化评估方法，可兼顾检测效率和损伤量化评估，实现薄壁结构损伤定位与深度评估。首先，通过导波在薄壁结构中传播的特性研究，揭示导波频散特性与结构损伤的关联影响机制，为定量化评估结构厚度损伤提供理论依据。其次，建立了改进空间谱估计算法，以波数作为输入参数建立了导向矢量，通过信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交特性搜索，重构了局部测试下的导波波数数值，从而实现结构局部状态信息重构。此外，针对基于二维傅里叶变换的波场处理技术应用与大型金属板材损伤识别时间长、成本高的问题，提出了分区域少采样的损伤检测策略，从而提升了检测效率和重构精度。最后，通过有限元仿真和试验研究，实现了局部损伤的尺寸和深度估计，误差在5%以内，验证了论文方法的有效性和准确性。

关键词: 薄壁结构, 超声导波, 谱估计, 波数重构, 损伤识别

Abstract: Thin-walled structures are widely used in aviation, aerospace, transportation and other fields, and their structural integrity is a prerequisite for ensuring the safety of equipment in service. Due to fatigue, impact, complex environment and other factors, thin-walled structures are prone to corrosion, cracks and other defects that are not easy to recognize. With the increasing large-scale and complexity of thin-walled structures, traditional inspection methods are usually difficult to take into account the rapidity and accuracy of inspection. To this end, a local wave number reconstruction and damage quantitative assessment method based on ultrasonic guided waves is proposed, which can take into account the detection efficiency and damage quantitative assessment, and realize the damage localization and depth assessment of thin-walled structures. Firstly, through the characterization of guided wave propagation in thin-walled structures, it reveals the correlation mechanism between guided wave dispersion characteristics and structural damage, and provides a theoretical basis for quantitative assessment of structural thickness damage. Secondly, the improved spatial spectrum estimation algorithm is established, and the guiding vector is built with wave number as the input parameter, and the guiding wave number value under local test is reconstructed by searching the orthogonal characteristics of the signal subspace and the noise subspace, so as to realize the reconstruction of the local state information of the structure. In addition, for the problem of long time and high cost of the application of wavefield processing technology based on two-dimensional Fourier transform with the damage identification of large metal plates, a damage detection strategy with sub-area and less sampling is proposed, which improves the detection efficiency and reconstruction accuracy. Finally, through finite element simulation and experimental study, the size and depth estimation of local damage is realized with an error within 5%, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.

Key words: thin-walled construction, ultrasonic guided waves, spectral estimation, wave number reconstruction, damage identification

中图分类号:

TB553

李从昱, 高飞, 刘璐, 李弈林, 林京. 基于超声导波谱估计的频散曲线重构与薄壁结构损伤定量评估方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 104-114.

LI Congyu, GAO Fei, LIU Lu, LI Yilin, LIN Jing. Dispersion Curve Reconstruction and Quantitative Assessment of Metal Damage Based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave Spectrum Estimation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 104-114.

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