倒锥长度对气液旋流分离器性能影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.21.375

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 同井注采技术是高含水油田经济开采的有效途径，井下狭窄空间内的气液高效分离是保障同井注采规模化应用的技术关键。针对一种适用于采油井筒内的紧凑式气液旋流分离器结构，采用数值模拟、流场测试及性能实验相结合的方法，对紧凑式气液旋流分离器的倒锥长度，这一影响气液分离性能的关键参数开展系统分析，探讨倒锥长度对气液分离过程中的相界面演化及分离特性的影响规律。结果表明：紧凑式气液旋流分离器的倒锥长度直接决定分离过程中的气核轴向分布位置及形态，适当的倒锥长度可以强化气液分离过程进而提升分离性能。研究发现随着倒锥长度的增加，气核宽度逐渐增加，轴向延展长度减小，旋流腔内流场的轴向速度和切向速度由于过流面积的缩减而逐渐增加。研究确定了最佳倒锥长度系数0.3，此时气液分离器的压力损失最小，动态效率系数达到最低值0.6，微气泡颗粒综合停留时间最短为0.34 s，气相分离效率达到最高值97.8%。研究结论对揭示涡旋流场内气液两相流动及界面变形机理起到一定推动作用，为井下气液高效分离设备的研发及应用提供指导和参考。

关键词: 水力旋流器, 气液分离, 分离性能, 气核, 流场特性

Abstract: The single-well injection-production technology is an effective method for economically developing high-water-content oilfields. Efficient gas-liquid separation in the narrow downhole space is the key technical factor for ensuring the large-scale application of the single-well injection-production technology. A compact gas-liquid hydrocyclone structure, proposed earlier and suitable for use in oil production wellbores, is examined. A combination of numerical simulation, flow field testing, and performance experiments is used to systematically analyze the inverted cone length of the separator, a key parameter that affects gas-liquid separation performance. The influence of the inverted cone length on phase interface evolution and separation characteristics during the gas-liquid separation process is also discussed. The results show that the inverted cone length of the compact gas-liquid hydrocyclone directly determines the axial distribution and shape of the gas core during the separation process. An appropriate inverted cone length can enhance the gas-liquid separation process and improve separation performance. It is found that as the inverted cone length increases, the gas core width gradually expands, the axial extension length decreases, and the axial and tangential velocities in the swirl chamber gradually increase due to the reduction in flow area. Through our investigation, the optimal inverted cone length coefficient is identified as 0.3. Under this condition, the gas-liquid separator experiences the least pressure loss, with a dynamic efficiency coefficient achieved as low as 0.6. The minimum residence time of microbubble particles is recorded at 0.34 s, and the gas phase separation efficiency reaches a peak value of 97.8%. The research conclusions play a significant role in revealing the mechanism of gas-liquid two-phase flow and interface deformation in the vortex flow field, providing guidance and reference for the development and application of efficient downhole gas-liquid separation equipment.

Key words: hydrocyclone, gas-liquid separation, separation performance, air core, flow field characteristics

中图分类号:

TQ051.8

邢雷, 关帅, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚, 陈德海. 倒锥长度对气液旋流分离器性能影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(21): 375-388.

XING Lei, GUAN Shuai, JIANG Minghu, ZHAO Lixin, LI Xinya, CHEN Dehai. Study on the Effect of Inverted Cone Length on Separation Performance in Compact Gas-liquid Separation Hydrocyclones[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(21): 375-388.

参考文献

[1] 黄锟腾，陈健勇，陈颖，等. 气液分离技术的研究现状[J]. 化工学报，2021，72(S1)：30-41. HUANG Kunteng，CHEN Jianyong，CHEN Ying，et al. Research status of vapor-liquid separation technology[J]. CIESC Journal，2021，72(S1)：30-41.
[2] 李云赫，闵秀博，余忆玄，等. 甲烷与氮气吸附分离研究进展[J]. 石油学报(石油加工)，2022，38(6)：1520-1530. LI Yunhe，MIN Xiubo，YU Yixuan，et al. Research progress in adsorption separation of methane and nitrogen[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section)，2022，38(6)：1520-1530.
[3] 苗春雨，邢雷，李枫，等. 紧凑型气液旋流分离器结构参数显著性分析[J]. 石油机械，2023，51(5)：86-93. MIAO Chunyu，XING Lei，LI Feng，et al. Significance analysis of structural parameters of the compact gas-liquid hydrocyclone[J]. China Petroleum Machinery，2023，51(5)：86-93.
[4] 齐国宁，米江，王峥嵘. 配流气蚀对高压柱塞泵容积效率影响的试验研究[J]. 机床与液压，2022，50(20)：38-41. QI Guoning，MI Jiang，WANG Zhengrong. Experimental study on the effect of distribution cavitation on volumetric efficiency of high pressure piston pump[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics，2022，50(20)：38-41.
[5] CHEN B，RUAN X，XIAO W，et al. Synergy of CO2 removal and light hydrocarbon recovery from oil-field associated gas by dual-membrane process[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2015，26：1254-1263.
[6] 邢雷，李新亚，蒋明虎，等. 适用于超低进液量的微型水力旋流器结构优化[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(23)：251-261. XING Lei，LI Xinya，JIANG Minghu，et al. Structure optimization of micro-hydrocyclone for ultra-low inlet flow rate[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(23)：251-261.
[7] 刘洋，赵立新，张爽，等. 过滤-旋流耦合技术在非均相分离中的研究及应用[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(4)：120-154. LIU Yang，ZHAO Lixin，ZHANG Shuang，et al. Research and application of filtering-swirl coupling technology in heterogeneous separation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(4)：120-154.
[8] 杨兆铭，陈建磊，何利民，等. 水下旋流气液分离器研究进展[J]. 油气储运，2019，38(8)：856-862. YANG Zhaoming，CHEN Jianlei，HE Limin，et al. Research progress of undersea gas-liquid cyclone separator[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation，2019，38(8)：856-862.
[9] 王庆锋，李中，李凯，等. 高气液比工况的管柱式气液分离器分离性能研究[J]. 流体机械，2018，46(7)：32-35+19. WANG Qingfeng，LI Zhong，LI Kai，et al. Research on separation performance of gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone under the condition of high gas liquid ratio[J]. Fluid Machinery，2018，46(7)：32-35+19.
[10] 谢向东，王晔春，王进芝，等. 低入口含气率下柱状旋流器气液分离特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报，2021，42(11)：2873-2878. XIE Xiangdong，WANG Yechun，WANG Jinzhi，et al. Gas-liquid separation characteristics in cylindrical cyclone at low inlet void fraction[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics，2021，42(11)：2873-2878.
[11] 刘培坤，王华健，赵振江，等. 气液比对压裂返排液旋流除砂器性能的影响[J]. 天然气工业，2019，39(11)：44-54. LIU Peikun，WANG Huajian，ZHAO Zhenjiang，et al. Effect of gas–liquid ratio on the performance of hydrocyclones for desanding flowback fracturing fluids[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2019，39(11)：44-54.
[12] 刘帅，王建军，郭颖，等. 多管直流式旋流分离器的性能实验与结构优化[J]. 高校化学工程学报，2018，32(5)：1042-1053. LIU Shuai，WANG Jianjun，GUO Ying，et al. Performance and structure optimization of a multi-tube axial flow cyclone separator[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities，2018，32(5)：1042-1053.
[13] 王振波，张世林，马艺，等. 切流式双入口气液旋流分离器内的流动分析[J]. 流体机械，2011，39(5)：26- 30，19. WANG Zhenbo，ZHANG Shilin，MA Yi，et al. Analysis of internal flow in two-inlet gas-liquid tangential cyclone separator[J]. Fluid Machinery，2011，39(5)：26-30，19.
[14] 张爽，赵立新，刘洋，等. 脱气除油旋流系统流场分布及分离特性[J]. 化工进展，2022，41(1)：75-85. ZHANG Shuang，ZHAO Lixin，LIU Yang，et al. Analysis of flow field distribution and separation characteristics of degassing and oil-removal hydrocyclone system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2022，41(1)：75-85.
[15] 邢树宾，陈瑶瑶，杨乐乐，等. 基于气液分离的天然气双入口优化设计[J]. 天然气工业，2023，43(2)：114-120. XING Shubin，CHEN Yaoyao，YANG Lele，et al. Design optimization of natural gas double inlets based on gas–liquid separation[J]. Natural Gas Industry，2023，43(2)：114-120.
[16] 罗小明，高奇峰，刘萌，等. 轴流式气-液旋流分离器分离特性[J]. 石油学报(石油加工)，2020，36(3)：592-599. LUO Xiaoming，GAO Qifeng，LIU Meng，et al. Separation characteristics of axial-flow gas-liquid cyclone separator[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section)，2020，36(3)：592-599.
[17] 周宇航，陈建义，王亚安，等. 基于液膜流型的双入口管柱式气液分离器性能研究[J]. 化工学报，2022，73(3)：1221-1231. ZHOU Yuhang，CHEN Jianyi，WANG Yaan，et al. Research on performance of dual-inlet gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone based on liquid film flow pattern[J]. CIESC Journal，2022，73(3)：1221-1231.
[18] 李腾，孙治谦，王朝磊，等. 微型双蜗式气液旋流分离器数值模拟研究[J]. 石油机械，2022，50(6)：98-105. LI Teng，SUN Zhiqian，WANG Chaolei，et al. Numerical simulation of micro double volute gas-liquid cyclone separator[J]. China Petroleum Machinery，2022，50(6)：98-105.
[19] WANG Q，CHEN J，WANG C，et al. Design and performance study of a two-stage inline gas-liquid cyclone separator with large range of inlet gas volume fraction[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering，2023，220：111218.
[20] 郑春峰，杨万有，李昂，等. 一种新型井下三级高效气液分离器分离特性实验[J]. 石油钻采工艺，2020，42(6)：804-810. ZHENG Chunfeng，YANG Wanyou，LI Ang，et al. Experimental on the separation behaviors of a new type of three-stage efficient downhole gas-liquid separator[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology，2020，42(6)：804-810.
[21] 崔宝玉，魏德洲，高淑玲，等. 带空气柱的旋流器内流场的数值和试验研究[J]. 中国有色金属学报(英文版)，2014，24(8)：2642-2649. CUI Baoyu，WEI Dezhou，GAO Shuling，et al. Numerical and experimental studies of flow field in hydrocyclone with air core[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China，2014，24(8)：2642-2649.
[22] BANERJEE C，CHAUDHURY K，CID E，et al. Oscillation dynamics of the air-core in a hydrocyclone[J]. Physics of Fluids，2022，34(9)：092106.
[23] 王亚安，陈建义，叶松，等. 管柱式气-液分离器溢流压力降计算模型[J]. 石油学报(石油加工)，2021，37(1)：88-99. WANG Yaan，CHEN Jianyi，YE Song，et al. Calculation model of overflow pressure drop in gas-liquid cylindrical cyclone[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica (Petroleum Processing Section)，2021，37(1)：88-99.
[24] 杨军卫，赵加民，王建军，等. 气液旋流器内液相平均停留时间[J]. 化工学报，2015，66(11)：4373-4379. YANG Junwei，ZHAO Jiamin，WANG Jianjun，et al. Mean residence time of liquid phase in gas-liquid cyclone[J]. CIESC Journal，2015，66(11)：4373-4379.
[25] 许萧. 旋转湍流强化液体中气泡及溶解性气体分离的机理[D]. 华东理工大学，2018. XU Xiao. Enhanced separation of bubbles and dissolved gas by swirling turbulence[D]. East China University of Science and Technology，2018.
[26] YANG Z，WANG J，ZHANG J，et al. A statistical method for flow pattern and efficiency prediction using pressure drop in a two-stage gas liquid cylindrical cyclone[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering，2022，99：104414.
[27] 邢雷，关帅，蒋明虎，等. 高气液比井下气液旋流分离器结构设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报，2024，75(3)：900-913. XING Lei，GUAN Shuai，JIANG Minghu，et al. Study on structure optimization and performance of downhole gas-liquid hydrocyclone under high gas-liquid ratio[J]. CIESC Journal. 2024，75(3)：900-913.
[28] 苗春雨，邢雷，李枫，等. 紧凑型气液旋流分离器结构参数显著性分析[J]. 石油机械，2023，51(05)：86-93. MIAO Chunyu，XING Lei，LI Feng，et al. Significance analysis of structural parameters of the compact gas-liquid hydrocyclone[J]. China Petroleum Machinery，2023，51(05)：86-93.
[29] WASILEWSKI M，ANWEILER S，MASIUKIEWICZ M. Characterization of multiphase gas-solid flow and accuracy of turbulence models for lower stage cyclones used in suspension preheaters[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering，2019，27(7)：1618-1629.
[30] MORSI S A，ALEXANDER A J. An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics，1972，55(2)：193-208.
[31] 贾玉丹，伍开松，况雨春，等. 旋流场中PP单球颗粒力学行为实验测试分析[J].应用力学学报，2020，37(3)：999-1006，1386. JIA Yudan，WU Kaisong，KUANG Yuchun，et al. Fatigue life prediction of complex aeronautical components based on damage mechanics[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics，2020，37(3)：999-1006，1386.
[32] BRACKBILL J U，KOTHE D B，ZEMACH C. A continuum method for modeling surface tension[J]. Journal of Computational Physics，1992，100(2)：335-354.
[33] 刘惠中，曾令辉. 空气柱对水力旋流器分级性能的影响研究[J]. 有色金属(选矿部分)，2023(6)：55-62. LIU Huizhong，ZENG Linghui，Study on the effect of air column on the classification performance of hydrocyclone[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section)，2023(6)：55-62.
[34] 张悦刊，杨猛，刘培坤，等. 结构参数对双溢流旋流器内空气柱性能的影响[J]. 中国矿业，2019，28(9)：169-174. ZHANG Yuekan，YANG Meng，LIU Peikun，et al. Influence of structural parameters on performance of air column inside double overflow cyclone[J]. China Mining Magazine，2019，28(9)：169-174.
[35] MISIULIA D，ANDERSSON A G，LUNDSTRÖM T S. Effects of the inlet angle on the flow pattern and pressure drop of a cyclone with helical-roof inlet[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design，2015，102：307-321.