点阵结构天线窗力热电性能表征与耦合分析方法

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.16.347

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 点阵结构具有比刚度高、耐热性能好、透波性能优、可设计性强等优点，能够满足高速飞行器天线窗多功能的使用需求。针对点阵结构天线窗分析方法缺、设计迭代周期长的问题，提出一种针对点阵结构的力热电耦合分析方法。基于均匀化方法给出点阵结构力/热性能表征方法，基于S参数反演法给出点阵结构电磁性能表征方法，建立点阵结构力热电耦合分析方法；研究点阵结构设计参数对天线窗力学性能、热性能及电性能的影响规律，提出点阵天线窗力热电性能的关键设计指标。研究结果表明：所提出的点阵结构力热电耦合分析方法具有较好的精度，误差小于4.32%；胞元杆径与边长的比值是点阵结构的关键设计指标，点阵天线窗的力学、热学、电磁性能取决于胞元杆径与边长的比值，该值越大点阵天线窗的刚度越大、导热性能越好、透波性能越差。所提出的点阵结构力热电耦合分析方法为点阵天线窗的性能分析提供了一种解决方案。

关键词: 点阵结构, 性能表征, 力热电耦合分析, S参数反演, 均匀化方法

Abstract: The lattice structure has advantages such as high specific stiffness, good heat resistance, excellent transmission performance, and strong designability. It can meet the multifunctional requirements of antenna windows for high-speed aircraft. To address the issues of lacking analysis methods and long design iteration cycles for lattice antenna windows, a mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic coupling analysis method for lattice structures is proposed. The characterization methods for mechanical and thermal properties of lattice structures are provided based on homogenization method. The characterization methods for electromagnetic properties of lattice structures is provided based on S-parameter inversion method. The mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic coupling analysis method for ceramic lattice structures is established. The influence of design parameters on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of the antenna window is studied. And the key design index of mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic performance of lattice antenna window is presented. The research results indicate that the proposed method for mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic coupling analysis of lattice structures has good accuracy, with an error of less than 4.32%. The ratio of cell rod diameter to side length is the key design index of lattice structure. The mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic performance of the lattice antenna window depend on the ratio of the rod diameter to side length of the unit cell, with a larger ratio leading to greater stiffness, better thermal conductivity, and poorer transparency of the lattice antenna window. The proposed method for mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic coupling analysis of lattice structures provides a solution for the performance analysis of lattice antenna windows.

Key words: lattice structure, properties characterization, mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic coupling analysis, S-parameter inversion, homogenization method

中图分类号:

V414
O32

葛明璇, 杨利鑫, 李彦斌, 费庆国. 点阵结构天线窗力热电性能表征与耦合分析方法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(16): 347-357.

GE Mingxuan, YANG Lixin, LI Yanbin, FEI Qingguo. Mechanical-thermal-electromagnetic Performance Characterization and Coupling Analysis Method of Lattice Structure Antenna Window[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(16): 347-357.

参考文献

[1] 王向明,苏亚东,吴斌,等. 微桁架点阵结构在飞机结构/功能一体化中的应用[J]. 航空制造技术, 2018, 61(10): 16-25. WANG Xiangming , SU Yadong , WU Bin , et al. Application for additive manufacturing of lattice materials on integrated aircraft structures and functions[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2018, 61(10): 16-25.
[2] HOSSAIN M M S, SAQUEB S A N, ARAGE A H, et al. Wideband radomes for millimeter-wave automotive radars[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 70(2): 1178-1186.
[3] 段晟昱,王潘丁,刘畅,等. 增材制造三维点阵结构设计、优化与性能表征方法研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2022, 65(14): 36-48, 57. DUAN Shengyu, WANG Panding, LIU Chang, et al. Research progress on design , optimization and performance characterization of additive manufactured 3D lattice structures[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2022, 65(14): 36-48, 57.
[4] 黄安坤,温耀杰,张百成,等. 增材制造金属点阵结构性能研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术, 2023, 66(11): 90-101. HUANG Ankun, WEN Yaojie, ZHANG Baicheng, et al. Research progress on properties of metal lattice structure by additive manufacturing[J]. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2023, 66(11): 90-101.
[5] 杨孝峰,盛亚鹏,苏宇锋. 简单立方点阵结构静态平压性能分析[J]. 计算力学学报, 2024, 41(3): 513-518, 533. YANG Xiaofeng, SHENG Yapeng, SU Yufeng. Static compression performance analysis of simple cubic lattice structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics, 2024, 41(3): 513-518, 533.
[6] AZIZ A R, ZHOU J, THORNE D, et al. Geometrical scaling effects in the mechanical properties of 3D-printed body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice structures[J]. Polymers, 2021, 13(22): 3967.
[7] ZHAO M, LIU F, FU G, et al. Improved mechanical properties and energy absorption of BCC lattice structures with triply periodic minimal surfaces fabricated by SLM[J]. Materials, 2018, 11(12): 2411.
[8] 张武昆,谭永华,高玉闪,等. 多层尺寸梯度面心立方点阵结构力学性能研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2023, 57(11): 21-30. ZHANG Wukun, TAN Yonghua, GAO Yushan, et al. Study on the mechanical behavior of multi-layer size-graded face center cubic lattice structures[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(11): 21-30.
[9] DESHPANDE V S, FLECK N A, ASHBY M F. Effective properties of the octet-truss lattice material[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2001, 49(8): 1747-1769.
[10] 邓昊宇,王春洁. 三维点阵结构等效热分析与优化方法[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报 , 2019 , 45(6) : 1122-1128. ZHENG Haoyu, WANG Chunjie. Equivalent thermal analysis and optimization method for three-dimensional lattice structure[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019, 45(6): 1122-1128.
[11] 汪飞雪,姚龙飞,张天翊,等. 基于 SLM 工艺的变截面四棱锥点阵结构建模与试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(24): 158-165. WANG Feixue, YAO Longfei, ZHANG Tianyi, et al. Modeling and experimental study of S-GBCC lattice structure based on SLM process[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(24): 158-165.
[12] MA X, ZHANG N, CHANG Y, et al. Analytical model of mechanical properties for a hierarchical lattice structure based on hierarchical body-centered cubic unit cell[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2023, 193: 111217.
[13] 梁珩,童明波,王玉青,等. 细编穿刺 C/C 复合材料热导率数值模拟[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2017, 40(3): 364-371, 379. LIANG Heng, TONG Mingbo, WANG Yuqing, et al. Simulation on effective thermal conductivity of fine weave pierced C/C composite[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2017, 40(3): 364-371, 379.
[14] CHENG X, WEI K, HE R, et al. The equivalent thermal conductivity of lattice core sandwich structure : A predictive model[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 93: 236-243.
[15] 陈竞娴. 三维复合材料等效媒质理论的研究与应用[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2020. CHEN Jingxian. Research and application of equivalent medium theory of three-dimensional composite materials[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2020.
[16] 李鹏,王伟,郑飞,等. 晴空环境下的地基面天线多场耦合分析及试验[J]. 宇航学报, 2010, 31(7): 1864-1869. LI Peng, WANG Wei, ZHENG Fei, et al. Multi-field coupling analysis and experiments of ground reflector antennas under clear-day solar radiation[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Astronautics, 2010, 31(7): 1864-1869.
[17] WANG C , DUAN B , ZHANG F , et al. Coupled structural-electromagnetic-thermal modelling and analysis of active phased array antennas[J]. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 2010, 4(2): 247-257.
[18] 张晓晨,林朝光,王振峰,等. 飞行器热天线热电联合计算方法[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(S1): 66-72. ZHANG Xiaochen, LIN Chaoguang, WANG Zhenfeng, et al. Thermoelectric coupling calculation method for aircraft thermal antenna[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(S1): 66-72.
[19] WANG C, WANG Y, CHEN Y, et al. Coupling model and electronic compensation of antenna-radome system for hypersonic vehicle with effect of high-temperature ablation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(3): 2340-2355.
[20] 何东泽,李彦斌,陈强,等. 大尺度薄壁结构力-热-电一体化分析[J]. 宇航学报, 2021, 42(1): 74-82. HE Dongze , LI Yanbin , CHEN Qiang , et al. Force-thermal-electricity integration analysis of large-scared thin-walled structures[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2021, 42(1): 74-82.
[21] 杨利鑫,何东泽,陈强,等. 高温环境下大尺度薄壁结构的电性能优化设计[J]. 宇航学报, 2021, 42(9): 1099-1107. YANG Lixin, HE Dongze, CHEN Qiang, et al. Electrical performance optimization design of large-scale thin-wall structures in thermal environment[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2021, 42(9): 1099-1107.
[22] GEORGES H , MITTELSTEDT C , BECHER W. RVE-based grading of truss lattice cores in sandwich panels[J]. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 2023, 93(8): 3189-3203.
[23] YU G, MIAO C, WU H, et al. Mechanical performance of heterogeneous lattice structure[J]. Vibroengineering Procedia, 2023, 50: 206-212.
[24] 陶文铨. 传热学[M]. 5 版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2019. TAO Wenquan. Heat transfer[M]. 5th ed. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2019.
[25] YANG L, SUN L, SHI Q, et al. Extraction of dielectric constant based on S-parameter inversion method[C]//ICCRD2011-2011 3rd International Conference on Computer Research and Development, Shanghai, China, March 11-13, 2011.
[26] 许万业,李鹏,仇原鹰,等. 金属桁架式天线罩结构变形对系统电性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(1): 57-63. XU Wanye, LI Peng, QIU Yuanying, et al. Electrical performance analysis of metal space frame radome with structural deformation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(1): 57-63.
[27] 刘晓春. 雷达天线罩电性能设计技术[M]. 北京:航空工业出版社, 2017. LIU Xiaochun. Radome electrical performance design technology[M]. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2017.
[28] NAIR R U, SHASHIDHARA S, JHA R M. Novel inhomogeneous planar layer radome design for airborne applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2012, 11: 854-856.
[29] 吕思雨,马爱琼,李辉,等. 利用煤矸石制备莫来石陶瓷[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2022, 40(1): 104-109. LÜ Siyu, MA Aiqiong, LI Hui, et al. Preparation of mullite ceramics from coal gangue[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2022, 40(1): 104-109.
[30] 何东泽. 天线罩力热电一体化分析与优化研究[D]. 南京:东南大学, 2021. HE Dongze. Research on mechanical thermal electromagnetic coupling analysis and optimization design of radome[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021.
[31] LI C, LEI H, LIU Y, et al. Crushing behavior of multi-layer metal lattice panel fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2018, 145: 389-399.
[32] LEI H, LI C, ZHANG X, et al. Deformation behavior of heterogeneous multi-morphology lattice core hybrid structures[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, 37: 101674.
[33] 孟美丽,刘琦. 基于波导法的聚氨酯注浆材料介电特性试验研究[J]. 新型建筑材料, 2022, 49(7): 58-62, 75. MENG Meili , LIU Qi. Measurement of dielectric properties of polyurethane grouting material based on wave-guide method[J]. New Building Materials, 2022, 49(7): 58-62, 75.
[34] MOORE R. Electromagnetic composites handbook : Models, measurement, and characterization[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2016.
[35] SALMON D R, TYE R P. Pyroceram 9606, a certified ceramic reference material for high-temperature thermal transport properties : Part 1-material selection and characterization[J]. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2010, 31(2): 338-354 .
[36] 何小瓦,黄丽萍. 瞬态平面热源法热物理性能测量准确度和适用范围的标定-常温下标准 Pyroceram 9606 材料热物理性能测量[J]. 宇航计测技术, 2006, 26(4): 31-42, 51. HE Xiaowa , HUANG Liping. Verification of the measurement accuracy and application range for thermophysical properties of transient-transieut plane source(TPS) method using standard material Pyroceram 9606 at room temperature[J]. Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement, 2006, 26(4): 31-42, 51.
[37] NAKAMURA T, KAMIMURA Y, IGAWA H, et al. Inverse analysis for transient thermal load identification and application to aerodynamic heating on atmospheric reentry capsule[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2014, 38: 48-55.