• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (13): 246-254.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.13.246

• 摩擦学 • 上一篇    

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高速机械密封端面冷却通道热混合效应强化机理研究

马学忠, 崔元召   

  1. 兰州理工大学石油化工学院 兰州 730050
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26 修回日期:2025-01-11 发布日期:2025-08-09
  • 作者简介:马学忠(通信作者),男,1991年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为流体密封技术与润滑理论。E-mail:maxz222@163.com;崔元召,男,1995年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为流体密封技术。E-mail:cuiyuanzhao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52465022, 52005236)、甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA289)和兰州理工大学红柳优秀青年人才支持计划(02/062205)资助项目。

Study on the Enhancing Mechanism of Thermal Mixing Effect in High-speed Mechanical Seals with the Cooling Channel at Sealing Face

MA Xuezhong, CUI Yuanzhao   

  1. College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050
  • Received:2024-07-26 Revised:2025-01-11 Published:2025-08-09

摘要: 为实现高速下密封温度的可控性,增加微尺度润滑液膜汽化裕度,应用ANSYS Fluent建立了端面引流槽-环槽冷却通道机械密封的热流体动力润滑(THD)模型,研究并讨论了槽区冷热流体的流动特性及其对液膜温度的影响,揭示了热混合效应强化机理,分析了结构尺寸与工况参数对密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:引流槽与环槽连通后消除了引流槽槽根壁面的阻碍作用进而避免了流体流动死区的出现、流通能力增强,从而显著强化了外径侧低温流体与内径侧高温流体的混合流动。这使得密封冷却能力显著提升,从而有效降低了润滑液膜与密封端面的温度,较低的液膜温度下流体粘度损失更小从而具有更强的动压效应与更大的下游泵送能力,密封承载性能与摩擦学性能大幅提升。转速越大热混合效应强化程度越高,转速为20 000 r/min时液膜与端面温度降低约15 K、温升降低约36%,显著增加了低压内径侧高温液膜的汽化裕度,同时液膜开启力提高约30%。冷却通道深度最优值为50 μm,此时热混合效应强化水平、冷却能力与密封性能综合最优。这可在高速工况下显著提升液膜的汽化裕度、限制端面热变形,对高速机械密封的优化设计提供了科学依据。

关键词: 高速机械密封, 温度可控性, 冷却通道, 热流体动力润滑, 热混合效应强化

Abstract: To realize the temperature controllability of seals under high-speed conditions and increase the vaporization margin of the micro-scale lubricating liquid film, the thermohydrodynamic lubrication (THD) model of the mechanical seal with the inlet and annular groove cooling channel is developed by ANSYS Fluent, the flow characteristics of the hot and cold fluids in the groove area and its influence on the liquid film temperature are studied and discussed, the enhancing mechanism of thermal mixing effect is revealed, and the influences of structural size and operational parameters on the sealing performance are analyzed. The results show when the inlet is connected with the annular groove, the inhibition of the inlet root wall is eliminated, and the dead zone of fluid flow is avoided, and the flow capacity is enhanced, which significantly strengthens the mixed flow of outer low-temperature fluid and inner high-temperature fluid. It significantly improves the sealing cooling capacity, thereby effectively reducing the temperatures of the lubricating liquid film and sealing face. Due to the lower liquid film temperature, the fluid viscosity loss is smaller, resulting in stronger hydrodynamic effect and greater downstream pumping capacity, and the sealing load-carrying capacity and tribological performance are greatly improved. The higher the rotational speed, the stronger the enhancing level of thermal mixing effect, and the temperature of liquid film and sealing face is reduced by about 15 K and the temperature rise is reduced by about 36% at 20 000 r/min, which significantly increases the vaporization margin of the high-temperature liquid film at the low-pressure inner side of sealing face, and the opening force of liquid film is increased by about 30%. The optimal depth of the cooling channel is 50 μm, which gives the optimal strengthening level of thermal mixing effect, cooling capacity and sealing performance comprehensively. It significantly improves the vaporization margin of liquid film and limits the thermal deformation of sealing face under high-speed conditions, which provides a scientific basis for the optimal design of high-speed mechanical seals.

Key words: high-speed mechanical seal, temperature controllability, cooling channel, thermohydrodynamic lubrication, enhancing thermal mixing effect

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