18CrNiMo7-6齿轮弯曲疲劳强度影响因素试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.11.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 18CrNiMo7-6作为海上风电机组、重型矿山装备、大型舰船、高铁等高端重载装备的主力齿轮材料，其弯曲疲劳性能是限制装备可靠性、疲劳寿命、功率密度进一步发展的重要瓶颈。然而磨削、喷丸等加工工艺对齿轮弯曲疲劳强度的具体影响尚不清楚，不同可靠度的齿轮弯曲疲劳极限之间转化的问题也未见讨论，显著制约了高性能齿轮的精益设计。本文系统开展了渗碳磨削、离子注入、微粒喷丸、滚磨光整、常规喷丸、齿面+端面喷丸以及二次喷丸等系列工艺的18CrNiMo7-6齿轮弯曲疲劳试验，获取有效弯曲疲劳试验点700余个，试验时长超过7000 h，并提出适用于该材料牌号的齿轮弯曲疲劳极限预测公式。结果表明，齿轮弯曲疲劳极限主要和加工工艺、模数大小、企业具体工艺环境等有关；在所研究的工艺和模数范围内，18CrNiMo7-6齿轮弯曲疲劳极限范围为482～762 MPa；50%可靠度与99%可靠度弯曲疲劳极限转换系数范围为0.841～0.965，推荐值为0.929；考虑表面完整性的齿轮弯曲疲劳极限预测公式的预测误差绝对值的均值为6.19%，满足工程设计需求，为高功率密度齿轮传动研发提供了研究方法与数据支撑。

关键词: 18CrNiMo7-6齿轮, 弯曲疲劳, 强化工艺, 转换系数

Abstract: 18CrNiMo7-6, as the main material for the gear of high-end equipment such as offshore wind turbines, heavy mining equipment, large warships, and high-speed trains, its bending fatigue performance is an important bottleneck that limits equipment reliability, fatigue life, and power density. However, the specific impact of processes such as grinding and shot peening on the bending fatigue strength of gears is not yet clear, and the conversion between bending fatigue limits at different reliability levels has not been discussed, significantly restricting the lean design of high-performance gears. The bending fatigue tests of 18CrNiMo7-6 gears using a series of processes including carburizing and grinding, ion implantation, fine particle peening, barrel finishing, shot peening, tooth surface plus end face shot peening, and dual shot peening were systematically carried out. More than 700 effective bending fatigue test points were obtained, with a test duration of over 7 000 h. In addition, and a prediction formula for the bending fatigue performance of gears of this material grade was proposed. The results show that within the studied range of processes, the bending fatigue limit range of 18CrNiMo7-6 gears is 482-762 MPa; the conversion coefficient range of bending fatigue limits for 50% reliability and 99% reliability ranges from 0.841 to 0.965, with the recommended value of 0.929. The bending fatigue limit value of gears is mainly related to processing technology, module, specific processing environment of the enterprise, etc. The average absolute prediction error of the bending fatigue limit prediction formula for gears considering the surface integrity parameters is 6.19%, providing valuable research methods and data support for the development of high power-density gear transmission in engineering practice.

Key words: 18CrNiMo7-6 gear, bending fatigue, strengthening process, conversion coefficient

中图分类号:

TH132

陈地发, 刘怀举, 张秀华, 林勤杰, 潘江松. 18CrNiMo7-6齿轮弯曲疲劳强度影响因素试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(11): 34-44.

CHEN Difa, LIU Huaiju, ZHANG Xiuhua, LIN Qinjie, PAN Jiangsong. Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Bending Fatigue Strength of 18CrNiMo7-6 Gear[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(11): 34-44.

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