变速工况下重载机车车轮多边形识别方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.24.244

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过监测车辆部件振动响应识别车轮多边形状态对机车车辆的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。重载机车复杂的运行环境导致其监测信号呈现出强噪声干扰和快频率调制特征，给车轮多边形识别带来巨大挑战。为此，提出基于频谱集中性指标优化的重载机车车轮多边形识别方法。该方法采用多项式函数刻画轴箱加速度低频信号的瞬时频率，并通过优化频谱集中性指标估计多项式参数，逼近真实瞬时频率；基于此对轴箱加速度进行空间域转换，以消除机车速度变化引起的频带扩散现象；进一步通过阶次分析获得高分辨率的车轮多边形阶次谱，实现谐波阶次的准确识别。为验证该方法的有效性，建立重载机车动力学模型，模拟实际变速工况以获得非平稳轴箱加速度。应用所提方法分析该信号，结果表明，该方法可以在变速工况下准确识别车轮多边形谐波阶次。另外，所提方法在分析实测轴箱加速度信号时表现出良好的准确性和噪声鲁棒性。

关键词: 重载机车, 故障诊断, 车轮多边形, 变速工况, 阶次分析

Abstract: It is of great significance for the safe and stable operation of locomotives to identify the polygonal state of wheels by monitoring the vibration response of vehicle components. The complex running environment of heavy-haul locomotive leads to its monitoring signals showing strong noise interference and fast frequency modulation characteristics, which brings great challenges to wheel polygon recognition. Therefore, a method of wheel polygon recognition for heavy-haul locomotive based on optimization of spectrum concentration index is proposed. In this method, polynomial function is used to describe the instantaneous frequency of the low-frequency signal of axle box acceleration, and polynomial parameters are estimated by optimizing the spectral concentration index to approximate the real instantaneous frequency; Based on this, the axle box acceleration is converted in space domain to eliminate the frequency band diffusion phenomenon caused by locomotive speed change; Further, the order spectrum of wheel polygon with high resolution is obtained through order analysis to realize accurate identification of harmonic order. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, a dynamic model of heavy-haul locomotive is established to simulate the actual speed change conditions to obtain non-stationary axle box acceleration. The proposed method is applied to analyze the signal, and the results show that the method can accurately identify the harmonic order of wheel polygon under variable-speed conditions. In addition, the proposed method shows good accuracy and noise robustness when analyzing the measured axle box acceleration signal.

Key words: heavy-haul locomotives, fault diagnosis, wheel polygon, variable-speed condition, order analysis

中图分类号:

U260

刘仁哲, 王红兵, 陈是扦, 王开云. 变速工况下重载机车车轮多边形识别方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(24): 244-253.

LIU Renzhe, WANG Hongbing, CHEN Shiqian, WANG Kaiyun. Research on Wheel Polygon Recognition Method of Heavy-haul Locomotive Under Variable-speed Condition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(24): 244-253.

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