轮式装载机混合动力系统电力变矩控制策略

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.24.251

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对装载机传动效率低和燃油经济性差的问题，提出一种适用于混合动力装载机的行星排机电耦合系统，该系统既能相融耦合发动机和电机的动力，又能取代液力变矩器实现电力变矩功能，不仅利于提高装载机的能量利用率，同时还能提高变矩传动效率。建立行星排机电耦合系统的数学模型，阐述其功率分流原理和电力变矩机理；制定电力变矩混合动力装载机控制策略，通过变速器档位切换和发动机转速调节的方法使电力变矩模式不再受电源SOC的限制；搭建混合动力装载机仿真平台，验证了行星排机电耦合系统电力变矩功能及其能量回收效果；利用试验台架验证了行星排机电耦合系统的电力变矩功能及其能量回收效果。利用数学模型从理论上解释电力变矩的机理；仿真分析表明，在满足动力性要求的前提下，以松散土为作业对象混合动力装载机可比传统装载机节能25.9%，以原生土为作业物料可节能27.1%，且铲掘工况时间越长节能效果越明显；台架试验表明，混合动力装载机在铲掘工况下其电力变矩模式可回收90%以上的发动机盈余功率。研究结果为装载机等工程机械的混合动力化及其高效率变矩传动提供原理结构参考和控制方法借鉴。

关键词: 混合动力, 装载机, 行星耦合, 电力变矩, 功率回收

Abstract: To improve wheel loader transmission efficiency and fuel economy, a planetary electromechanical coupling system is proposed, which is applied to hybrid wheel loader, it both can couple the power of engine and motor and can convert torque by the mean of electric torque converting. A mathematical model about planetary electromechanical coupling system is built, and then expounded power distribution rules and torque converting in mechanism of this system. A control strategy of electric torque converting hybrid wheel loader is developed, by the strategy, the electric torque converting mode can be free of SOC constraint by the mean of transmission downshifting or upshifting and engine speed adjusting. A hybrid wheel loader simulation system is built up, the simulation result shows that the hybrid wheel loader with planetary electromechanical coupling system can emulate the traditional hydraulic torque convertor function by the means of electric torque converting and it can recover the engine surplus energy in the torque converting process by the function of motor reversal and generation. The function of electric torque convert and motor reversal and generation of planetary electromechanical coupling system are verified by test bed. The electric torque converting mechanism is expounded by the means of mathematical model; the simulation results show that, when the hybrid wheel loader with planetary electromechanical coupling system working with soft material it could save fuel 25.9% than traditional wheel loader, and with raw material it could save fuel 27.1%, the shoveling and digging working time occupied ratio more the hybrid wheel loader energy saving rate was more obviously; by the test bed of hybrid wheel loader with planetary electromechanical coupling system, more than 90% engine surplus energy distributing to the power train system can be retrieved by motor reversal and generation during the digging process. It can provide principle and structure reference and control strategy support for hybridization and high efficiency torque converting of similar construction machinery such as wheel loader.

Key words: hybrid, wheel loader, planet coupling, electric torque convert, power reversal

中图分类号:

TH122

邹乃威, 魏建伟, 段传栋, 初长祥. 轮式装载机混合动力系统电力变矩控制策略[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(24): 251-261.

ZOU Naiwei, WEI Jianwei, DUAN Chuandong, CHU Changxiang. Wheel Loader Hybrid System Electric Torque Converting Control Strategy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(24): 251-261.

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