多向锻造变形温度对2219铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.22.275

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (22): 275-286.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.22.275

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多向锻造变形温度对2219铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

毛献昌^1,2,3,4, 易幼平^1,3,4, 黄始全^1,3,4, 何海林^3,4

1. 中南大学机电工程学院长沙 410083;
2. 广西交通职业技术学院汽车工程学院南宁 530023;
3. 中南大学轻合金研究院长沙 410083;
4. 中南大学高性能复杂制造国家重点实验室长沙 410083

收稿日期:2022-11-23 修回日期:2023-03-13 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2024-02-19
通讯作者: 易幼平(通信作者)，男，1966年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为航空、航天轻合金构件成形工艺与模具、热处理工艺和装备等。E-mail：yyp@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:毛献昌，男，1982年出生，博士，副教授，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为铝合金构件高性能制造工艺。E-mail：mxchlhy@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52005518，51875583)和广西自然科学基金(2020GXNSFAA159156)资助项目。

Effects of Multi-directional Forging Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al Alloy

MAO Xianchang^1,2,3,4, YI Youping^1,3,4, HUANG Shiquan^1,3,4, HE Hailin^3,4

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083;
2. School of Automotive Engineering, Guangxi Transport Vocational and Technical College, Nanning 530023;
3. Research Institute of Light Alloy, Central South University, Changsha 410083;
4. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083

Received:2022-11-23 Revised:2023-03-13 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2024-02-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2219铝合金运载火箭贮箱过渡环制造过程中，残余结晶相(Residual crystalline phase，RCPs)偏聚严重是导致环件组织不均匀、力学性能偏低的主要因素，迫切需要解决。对2219铝合金进行多向锻造试验，研究锻造变形温度T对RCPs和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，随着T的增加(240～450 ℃)，RCPs的面积分数f逐渐增加，但当T增加至510 ℃时，f值急剧下降。此外，当T为450 ℃时，RCPs的消减效果较差，合金的断口组织以穿晶断裂为主，脆性断裂特征明显；锻件力学性能较低，抗拉强度σ_b、屈服强度σ_s和伸长率e 仅为381 MPa、298 MPa和5.9%。当T升至510 ℃时，RCPs以拉断或溶断的方式细化；断口组织仍以穿晶断裂为主，倾向于塑性断裂，锻件的力学性能显著提升，σ_b、σ_s和e 分别增至398 MPa、328 MPa和7.7%。当T为240 ℃时，RCPs以破碎的方式细化，消减效果较好；断口组织为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的混合模式，韧性断裂特征明显，获得的力学性能最佳，σ_b、σ_s和e 分别为417 MPa、326 MPa和8.2%。

关键词: 2219铝合金, 多向锻造温度, 残余结晶相, 消减, 力学性能

Abstract: During the manufacturing process of 2219 Al alloy launch vehicles tank transition ring, the severe segregation of residual crystalline phase(RCPs) is the main factor leading to uneven microstructure and low mechanical properties(MPs) of the rings, which urgently needs to be resolved. Multi-directional forging tests on 2219 Al alloy ingots are carried out. The effects of multi-directional forging temperature(T) on RCPs and mechanical properties are investigated. The results show that with the increase of T (from 240 ℃ to 450 ℃), the area fraction(f) of RCPs is found to increase, but the value of f decreases sharply when T increases to 510 ℃. Moreover, when T is 450 ℃, RCPs show poor reduction effect, and the fracture structure of the alloy is dominated by transgranular fracture with obvious brittle fracture characteristics, so the alloy show low MPs and the tensile strength σ_b, yield strength σ_s, and elongation e of the alloy are only 381 MPa, 298 MPa, and 5.9%, respectively. However, when T increases to 510 ℃, RCPs is refined by stretching and dissolving, and the transgranular fracture is still the main fracture mode but the brittle fracture is changed to ductile fracture, so the MPs is improved and the values of σ_b,σ_s, and e are 398 MPa, 328 MPa, and 7.7%, respectively. When T is 240 ℃, RCPs is refined by crushing and show high degree of reduction; in additional, the fracture structure is a mixed mode of intergranular and transgranular fracture, which show obvious plastic fracture characteristics; so the optimal MPs is obtained and the values of σ_b,σ_s, and e are 417 MPa, 326 MPa, and 8.2%, respectively.

Key words: 2219 Al alloy, multi-directional forging temperature, residual crystalline phase, reduction, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TB31

毛献昌, 易幼平, 黄始全, 何海林. 多向锻造变形温度对2219铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(22): 275-286.

MAO Xianchang, YI Youping, HUANG Shiquan, HE Hailin. Effects of Multi-directional Forging Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(22): 275-286.

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多向锻造变形温度对2219铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

Effects of Multi-directional Forging Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Al Alloy

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