美国先进制造国家战略回顾与未来技术

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.19.187

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 一个国家经济的繁荣和发展在一定程度上取决于该国制造业的健康状况，美国也不例外。先进制造技术一直是美国乃至全球制造业关注的前沿热点。2012年、2018年和2022年，根据相关法案的规定和世界形势的变化，美国分别制定和更新了三份先进制造国家战略，始终围绕确保美国先进制造技术在全球的领先地位这一总目标，均将发展先进制造技术作为振兴美国制造业的重要举措。在回顾了美国近年来发布的先进制造国家战略背景及其内涵的基础上，对当前美国主要部门(如国家科学基金会、商务部、国防部、能源部)实施的先进制造领域资助计划/项目进行了概述，对未来先进制造技术的发展趋势进行了展望。数字化转型是振兴制造业的必由路径之一，基于增强现实、物联网和人工智能的制造将是未来先进制造技术的重要方向。面对人类的生命健康和粮食短缺，以及地球资源匮乏和环境恶化等挑战，应大力发展智能制造、生物制造、增材制造、太空制造、量子制造等前沿领域和方向。

关键词: 先进制造, 国家战略规划, 发展领域, 未来技术

Abstract: The prosperity and development of a country's economy depends in part on the health of its manufacturing industry, and there is no exception of the United States. Advanced manufacturing technology has always been the focus of the United States and even the global manufacturing industry. In the years of 2012, 2018 and 2022, according to the provisions of relevant laws and changes in the world situation，three advanced manufacturing national strategies have been formulated and updated by the United States, which always focused on the overall goal of ensuring the leading position of American advanced manufacturing technology in the world. The development of advanced manufacturing technology has been regarded as an important measure to revitalize the U.S. manufacturing industry. On the basis of reviewing the background and connotation of the advanced manufacturing national strategy issued by the United States in recent years, the advanced manufacturing funding programs/projects implemented by the major departments of the United States at present, such as the National Science Foundation, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy are summarized. The development fields and trends of advanced manufacturing technology in the future are prospected. Digital transformation is one of the necessary paths to revitalize the manufacturing industry, and manufacturing based on augmented reality, the internet of things and artificial intelligence will become the important directions of advanced manufacturing technology in the future. Faced with the challenges of human life, health and food shortages, as well as the scarcity of earth resources and environmental deterioration, intelligent manufacturing, biological manufacturing, additive manufacturing, in space manufacturing, quantum manufacturing and other frontier fields and directions should be vigorously developed.

Key words: advanced manufacturing, national strategic planning, development fields, future technologies

中图分类号:

TH16
TP249

王国彪, 宋建丽. 美国先进制造国家战略回顾与未来技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(19): 187-201.

WANG Guobiao, SONG Jianli. Review on the Advanced Manufacturing National Strategy of the United States and Prospect of the Future Technologies[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(19): 187-201.

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