飞行器变形翼研究现状与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.19.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统固定构型机翼因其气动外形难以满足飞行器日益增长的性能要求，因此飞行器变形翼研究得到广泛的关注，已成为当前国际航空航天领域的研究热点，是飞行器实现大空域、宽速域的关键技术，其发展趋势是多维度、大变形、高刚度、轻量化等。近年来，科研人员设计出多种形式的变形翼，如变弦长、变后掠、变展长、展向变弯曲、弦向变弯曲、翼型变厚度等。根据翼面内变形和翼面外变形对变形翼进行分类，详细阐述变形翼的研究现状。分析飞行器变形翼研究发展趋势，包括多维度变形机构与大承载连续光滑变形蒙皮结构设计、高效能驱动器及分布式驱动技术、变形翼机构-蒙皮-驱动一体化设计与优化、融合环境的变形翼设计与验证等关键技术，为飞行器变形翼研究提供借鉴与参考。

关键词: 飞行器变形翼, 变形机构, 变形蒙皮, 新型驱动, 多维度变形

Abstract: Traditional fixed-wing configurations are hard to meet the increasing performance demands of aircraft due to their aerodynamic shape limitations. Consequently, the study of morphing wings with the ability to shape change has garnered widespread attention and has become a prominent focus within the international aerospace field, serving as a critical technology for aircraft to achieve large airspace and wide speed range. The development trend of morphing wings includes multi-dimensional, large deformation, high stiffness, lightweight design, etc. In recent years, researchers have designed various forms of morphing wings, such as variable chord length, variable-sweep, variable span, variable twist, spanwise bending, chordwise bending, and variable thickness. It is classified on the research status of morphing wings based on in-plane and out-plane wing deformations, providing a comprehensive overview of the current research status. Furthermore, the development trends in aircraft morphing wings are analyzed, including the design of multidimensional deformation mechanisms, structure design of continuous smooth deformation skin with large load capacity, highly efficient actuators and distributed driving systems, integrated design and optimization of wing mechanism-skin-actuation systems, and the design and validation of morphing wings considering complex environments, which provide valuable insights and references for further research in this field.

Key words: aircraft morphing wing, deformation mechanism, morphing skin, new actuator, multidimensional deformation

中图分类号:

TG156

肖洪, 杨广, 郭宏伟, 刘荣强, 陶建国, 邓宗全. 飞行器变形翼研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(19): 1-23.

XIAO Hong, YANG Guang, GUO Hongwei, LIU Rongqiang TAO Jianguo, DENG Zongquan. Application Status and Future Prospect of Aircraft Morphing Wing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(19): 1-23.

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