基于视觉位感条纹的转轴裂纹缺陷检测

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.20.304

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (20): 304-311.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.20.304

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基于视觉位感条纹的转轴裂纹缺陷检测

徐帖¹, 钟剑锋¹, 钟舜聪¹, 张秋坤¹, 彭志科², 张焱³, 罗曼婷^1,4

1. 福州大学机械工程及自动化学院福州 350116;
2. 上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室上海 200240;
3. 浙江创立电子股份有限公司温州 325025;
4. 莆田学院现代精密测量与激光无损检测福建省高校重点实验室莆田 351100

收稿日期:2020-12-10 修回日期:2021-12-03 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-12-27
通讯作者: 钟剑锋(通信作者)，男，1988年出生，博士，副教授。主要研究方向为机电系统状态监测与智能诊断技术。E-mail：zhongjianfeng@fzu.edu.cn
作者简介:徐帖，男，1995年出生。主要研究方向为无损检测技术。E-mail：1483525364@qq.com;钟舜聪，男，1976年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为结构健康监测、设备故障诊断、无损检测与评价、光学精密诊断仪器和太赫兹技术等。E-mail：sczhong@fzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51905102，51675103)、中国博士后科学基金(2019M662226)、福建省科技计划(2019I0004)、现代精密测量与激光无损检测福建省高校重点实验室开放基金(2018XKA003)和闽江学院福建省信息处理与智能控制重点实验室开放课题(MJUKF-IPIC202005)资助项目。

Vision-based Displacement-sensitive Fringe Pattern for Identification of Crack in Rotating Shaft

XU Tie¹, ZHONG Jianfeng¹, ZHONG Shuncong¹, ZHANG Qiukun¹, PENG Zhike², ZHANG Yan³, LUO Manting^1,4

1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116;
2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240;
3. Zhejiang Makepower Electronics Company Limited, Wenzhou 325025;
4. Modern Precision Measurement and Laser Nondestructive Testing Key Laboratories of Universities in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian 351100

Received:2020-12-10 Revised:2021-12-03 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-12-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 裂纹缺陷是转轴系统中常见的故障形式，裂纹的呼吸效应会改变转轴的动态特性，使转轴的径向振动信号中出现倍频分量。提出一种基于单目视觉位感条纹振动测量原理的转轴裂纹缺陷检测新方法，可实现转轴振动信号的高效测量和裂纹缺陷的快速检测。分析了含裂纹转轴系统的动力学方程，并系统描述了单目相机成像条件下采用位感条纹图案实现转轴径向二维振动测量的原理，建立了成像位感条纹动态编码参数与转轴径向振动位移之间的数学模型。通过与传统基于两路电涡流传感器测量系统的试验对比分析，验证了本方法测量结果的精确性。分析转轴系统在不同转速下径向振动中的频率分量，当转速接近1/2临界转速时，2倍频信号非常明显，且其幅值接近转频幅值，可实现对于转轴系统中裂纹缺陷的有效检测。

关键词: 转轴, 裂纹缺陷, 视觉测量, 位感条纹

Abstract: Crack defect is a common failure form in rotating shaft. The breathing effect of crack defect will change the dynamic characteristics of rotating shaft and cause multiple frequency components in the radial displacement. A novel identification method using visual displacement-sensitive fringe pattern (DSFP) is proposed to determine the existence of transverse crack in rotating shaft. It can realize the efficient measurement of vibration signal and the rapid detection of the shaft crack defect. The dynamic equation of the cracked shaft and the measurement principle for the shaft radial two dimensional vibration using single camera and one DSFP are illustrated in detail. The mathematical relationship between the dynamic encoding parameters in the imaging DSFP and the real shaft radial displacement is established. The measuring results obtained both from the proposed system and the traditional two eddy current sensors based system verify the measurement accuracy of the proposed system. The multiple frequency components in the radial displacement of cracked shaft at different speeds are analyzed. When the rotation speed is close to half of critical rotation speed, the double frequency component is obvious and its amplitude is close to the rotation frequency amplitude, which can realize the effective detection of crack defect in rotating shaft system.

Key words: rotating shaft, crack defect, vision-based measurement, displacement-sensitive fringe pattern

中图分类号:

TH212

徐帖, 钟剑锋, 钟舜聪, 张秋坤, 彭志科, 张焱, 罗曼婷. 基于视觉位感条纹的转轴裂纹缺陷检测[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(20): 304-311.

XU Tie, ZHONG Jianfeng, ZHONG Shuncong, ZHANG Qiukun, PENG Zhike, ZHANG Yan, LUO Manting. Vision-based Displacement-sensitive Fringe Pattern for Identification of Crack in Rotating Shaft[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(20): 304-311.

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基于视觉位感条纹的转轴裂纹缺陷检测

Vision-based Displacement-sensitive Fringe Pattern for Identification of Crack in Rotating Shaft

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