液体静压主轴液膜剪切模型重构与试验反求研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.09.107

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 107-118.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.09.107

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液体静压主轴液膜剪切模型重构与试验反求研究

熊万里^1,2, 原帅¹, 吴霜¹, 张翰乾², 叶颖², 汤秀清²

1. 湖南大学国家高效磨削工程技术研究中心长沙 410082;
2. 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司广州 511356

收稿日期:2021-05-19 修回日期:2022-02-08 出版日期:2022-05-05 发布日期:2022-06-23
通讯作者: 熊万里(通信作者)，男，1971年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为超高速超精密电主轴系统动力学、液体静压主轴技术、高速轴承理论及应用、高速直驱电机及系统集成技术。E-mail：wan369@vip.sina.com E-mail:wan369@vip.sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075155)

Reconstruction of a New Shearing Hypothesis of Liquid Film by Reverse Establishing Based on Experimental Study

XIONG Wanli^1,2, YUAN Shuai¹, WU Shuang¹, ZHANG Hanqian², YE Ying², TANG Xiuqing²

1. National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding, Hunan University, Changsha 410082;
2. Guangzhou Haozhi Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511356

Received:2021-05-19 Revised:2022-02-08 Online:2022-05-05 Published:2022-06-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 液体静压轴承由于具有精度高、刚度高、减振性好和无磨损等优点，在精密超精密机床主轴中获得了广泛应用。但现有的基于液膜牛顿剪切假设的液体静压轴承设计理论在实际应用中与测试结果存在显著的差别，难以满足液体静压主轴精确定量设计的需要。在对液体静压主轴长期研究并跟踪其实际应用发现，按照最佳节流比原则设计的液体静压主轴，理论上的节流间隙和轴承流量等参数往往与实际采用或测试的参数存在显著差异，部分案例的差异达到40%以上。为了建立更精确的液体静压轴承设计理论，有必要对其基本假设——液膜牛顿剪切模型，进行重新研究。利用滚动轴承电主轴和液体静压轴承作为动力源和测试对象，建立了带回油槽的4腔液体静压轴承原理性试验台，利用该试验台进行了不同液膜间隙、不同轴颈表面粗糙度、不同转速和供油压力等条件下的轴承流量等参数试验，发现了不同参数条件下理论设计值和实际测试值的偏离规律。在此基础上，逆向重构了与试验测试结果吻合度高的液体静压轴承液膜压力流量模型，进而反求得到了数学形式上可能的液体静压轴承液膜剪切新模型；进一步通过对各类新模型物理意义的解读，选择确认了轴颈表面带滑移的液膜剪切模型。研究工作为进一步建立可准确进行液体静压轴承设计的新理论奠定了模型基础。

关键词: 液体静压轴承, 液膜剪切模型, 模型重构, 超精密主轴

Abstract: Hydrostatic bearing has been widely used in precision and ultra-precision machine tool spindles due to its advantages of high precision, high stiffness, perfect vibration reduction and no wear. However, the traditional design theory of hydrostatic bearing based on the Newton shearing hypothesis of liquid film is significantly different from the real test results, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of accurate and quantitative design of hydrostatic spindle. During studying the hydrostatic spindle and keeping track of their practical application for a long time, it is found that the theoretical throttling clearance of bearings and the flow of hydrostatic spindles, which are designed according to the principle of optimal throttling ratio, are often conspicuously different from the actual adopted parameters or tested ones, and even in some cases, the difference reaches more than 40%. In order to establish a more accurate design theory of hydrostatic bearing, it is necessary to re-study its basic assumption, the Newton shear model of liquid film. The motorized spindle and the hydrostatic bearing are used as the power source and the test objects respectively, and the experimental setup of the hydrostatic bearing with 4 cavity for oil return is set up by which the bearing flow rate and other parameters are tested under different liquid film clearances, different journal surface roughness, different speeds and different oil supply pressures, then the deviation principle between the theoretical design value and the actual test value under different parameters are found. On this basis, the liquid film pressure-flow model of hydrostatic bearing with high agreement with the test results is reconstructed in reverse, and then a new model of liquid film shear of hydrostatic bearing with mathematically possible form is obtained with reverse method. Furthermore, the liquid film shear model with sliding on journal surface is selected and confirmed by interpreting the physical meanings of various new models. The work in this study has laid a model foundation for the further establishment of a new theory which can accurately design hydrostatic bearings.

Key words: hydrostatic bearing, shearing hypothesis of liquid film, model reconstruction, ultra-high precision spindle

中图分类号:

熊万里, 原帅, 吴霜, 张翰乾, 叶颖, 汤秀清. 液体静压主轴液膜剪切模型重构与试验反求研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(9): 107-118.

XIONG Wanli, YUAN Shuai, WU Shuang, ZHANG Hanqian, YE Ying, TANG Xiuqing. Reconstruction of a New Shearing Hypothesis of Liquid Film by Reverse Establishing Based on Experimental Study[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(9): 107-118.

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液体静压主轴液膜剪切模型重构与试验反求研究

Reconstruction of a New Shearing Hypothesis of Liquid Film by Reverse Establishing Based on Experimental Study

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