板式换热器激光密封焊接关键技术研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.06.101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对薄壁冲压结构热交换板片激光焊接过程中存在的焊接变形大、缺陷多和性能不稳定等技术难题，开展换热器板片激光密封焊接关键技术研究。采用有限元数值模拟、装夹方案设计与试验验证相结合的方法，经济、快捷、有效地解决了大尺寸复杂冲压结构薄板片激光焊接变形难题，为焊接式热交换板片高效组装及产品无渗漏可靠工作提供了有效的前提保障条件。在焊接工作台上设计了结构新颖、功能实用的异形凸台与凹槽结构，并与通气孔相结合，简洁而有效地解决了多种材料、大幅面、非平整表面热交换板片焊接过程中快速安装定位、施焊处可靠压合及焊缝底部的保护气体调控难题，实现了激光焊接辅助工装多功能一体化。通过仿真结构优化设计的双层复合焊接嘴，有效解决了在焊接空间窄小、焊缝轨迹复杂条件下高效焊接与气体保护同步难题。采用系统工艺试验与性能测试相结合方式，在对大量试验数据进行对比优化处理基础上，获得了板式换热器常用板材激光焊接工艺参数与焊缝形貌、拉伸强度及耐腐蚀性能复合关系图，并优化出最佳焊接工艺窗口。科学、全面、直观、简便地解决了焊接能力、性能与效率之间兼容的难题。

关键词: 激光焊接, 板式换热器, 焊接工装, 变形, 工艺窗口

Abstract: The key technology of laser sealing welding on the heat exchange plate is researched in view of the technical problems such as large deformation, various defects and unstable performance in the laser welding process of heat exchange plate with complex surface. The methods of finite element numerical simulation, clamping scheme design and test verification are used to solve the deformation problems of the large size and complex stamping structure sheets welded by laser. And it provides an effective prerequisite for efficient assembly of the welding heat exchange plates and reliable work without leakage. A novel and functional special-shaped convex platform and groove structure is designed on the welding table and combined with the vent holes. The problems of quick positioning and installation, reliable compression at the welding place and protection gas control at the bottom during the welding of heat exchange plates with various materials, large size and complex surfaces have been solves Simply and effectively. The multi-function integration of laser welding auxiliary processing equipment is realized. The double-layer composite welding nozzle designed by simulation can effectively realize the synchronization problem between high efficiency welding and gas protection under the condition of narrow welding space and complex weld track. Based on the comparison and optimization of a large number of test data, the composite relationship diagrams of laser welding parameters, welded morphology, tensile strength and corrosion resistance of the plate materials in common use for plate heat exchanger are obtained by combining technology experiment with performance test. And optimized the best welding process window. It scientific, comprehensive, intuitive and simple solves the compatibility problems between welding ability, performance and efficiency.

Key words: laser welding, plate heat exchanger, welding processing equipment, deformation, process window

中图分类号:

TG456

石岩, 刘佳. 板式换热器激光密封焊接关键技术研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2022, 58(6): 101-109.

SHI Yan, LIU Jia. Key Technology Research on the Heat Exchange Plate Sealing Welded by Laser[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(6): 101-109.

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