游乐设施乘员加速度耐受能力研究进展及展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.24.001

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (24): 1-10.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.24.001

• 仪器科学与技术 • 下一篇

游乐设施乘员加速度耐受能力研究进展及展望

肖原¹, 沈功田¹, 胡斌¹, 陈涛², 刘书娟³

1. 中国特种设备检测研究院北京 100029;
2. 中山市金马科技娱乐设备股份有限公司中山 528437;
3. 中国航天员科研训练中心航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室北京 100094

收稿日期:2019-09-17 修回日期:2019-11-20 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2020-02-18
通讯作者: 沈功田(通信作者),男,1963年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为特种设备安全与无损检测新技术。E-mail:shengongtian@csei.org.cn
作者简介:肖原,男,1972年出生,研究员。主要研究方向为机电测控与安全评价技术。E-mail:xyduong@163.com;胡斌,男,1977年出生,博士,研究员。主要研究方向为智能检测监测技术。E-mail:hubin@csei.org.cn
基金资助:
"十三五"国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFF0203105）。

Research Advances and Prospects on Acceleration Tolerance of Amusement Rides Passengers

XIAO Yuan¹, SHEN Gongtian¹, HU Bin¹, CHEN Tao², LIU Shujuan³

1. China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing 100029;
2. Golden Horse Technology Entertainment Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528437;
3. State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094

Received:2019-09-17 Revised:2019-11-20 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2020-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 游乐设施是改善人民群众的精神文化生活质量的重要设施，近年来，在乘坐高速、高加速度游乐设施过程中，乘员人身伤害事故偶有发生；为了减少游乐设施的意外伤害现象，在分析、总结了前人研究成果的基础上，揭示了游乐设施运行过程中的各种加速度对乘员的生理影响规律，对直接影响乘员安全的加速度推拉效应、科氏加速度和颈椎伤害风险，给出了针对性的防护和控制措施；在此基础上，提出符合我国生理人群特征的乘员Z方向加速度耐受阈值，初步解决了困扰我国游乐设施加速度风险控制的难题。

关键词: 游乐设施, 乘员, 加速度, 耐受能力, 风险控制

Abstract: Amusement rides are important facilities to improve the quality of people's spiritual and cultural life. In recent years, personal injury accidents have occurred occasionally in the process of taking high-speed and high-acceleration amusement rides. In order to reduce accidental injury of amusement rides, the physiological influence law of various accelerations on passengers during the operation of the amusement rides are revealed based on the analysis of the previous research results and the protection and control measures are given on the push-pull effect of acceleration, the effect of Coriolis acceleration and the neck vertebrate injures risk that directly affect the passengers safety. On this basis, the Z direction acceleration tolerance threshold are proposed in accordance with China's population physiological characteristics, which preliminarily solves the problem of acceleration risk control of amusement rides in China.

Key words: amusement rides, passenger, acceleration, tolerance, risk control

中图分类号:

R852
X924

肖原, 沈功田, 胡斌, 陈涛, 刘书娟. 游乐设施乘员加速度耐受能力研究进展及展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(24): 1-10.

XIAO Yuan, SHEN Gongtian, HU Bin, CHEN Tao, LIU Shujuan. Research Advances and Prospects on Acceleration Tolerance of Amusement Rides Passengers[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(24): 1-10.

参考文献

[1] GELL C F. Table of equivalents for acceleration terminology recommended for general international use by the Acceleration Committee of the Aerospace Medical Panel, AGARD[J]. Aerospace Medicine, 1961, 32(32):1109-1111.
[2] 王亚伟,柳松杨,都承斐,等. 基于飞行仿真的Herbst机动飞行员过载分析[J]. 医用生物力学, 2014, 29(4):346-350. WANG Yawei, LIU Songyang, DU Chengfei, et al. Pilot load analysis under Herbst maneuver based on flight simulation[J]. Journal of Medical Biomechanics, 2014, 29(4):346-350.
[3] BURTON R R. A conceptual model for predicting pilot group G tolerance for tactical fighter aircraft[J]. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine, 1986, 57(8):733-744.
[4] WHINNERY F. The +Gz -induced loss of consciousness curve[J]. Extreme Physiology & Medicine, 2013, 19(2):1-10.
[5] ZUIDEMA M D, GEORGE D. Gravitational stress in aerospace medicine[J]. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 1962, 38:361.
[6] WOOD E H. Some effects of the force environment on the heart, lungs and circulation[J]. Clinical and Investigative Medicine, 1987, 10(5):401-427.
[7] BURTON R R, LEVERETT S D, MICHAELSON E D. Man at high sustained +Gz acceleration:A review[J]. Aerospace medicine, 1974, 45(10):1115-1136.
[8] BURTON R R. Biodynamics:sustained acceleration[M]. Philadelphia:Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, 2002.
[9] WHINNERY J E, SHAFFSTALL R M. Incapacitation time for +Gz-induced loss of consciousness[J]. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine, 1979, 50(1):83-85.
[10] WOOD E H, HOFFMAN E A. The lungs, ‘Achilles Heal’, of air breathers in changing gravitational-inertial force environments[J]. Physiologist, 1984, 27(1):47-48.
[11] BURTON R R, SMITH A H. Adaptation to acceleration environments[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996.
[12] HREBIEN L. Blood flow measurements under high-g conditions:Early prediction of Gz tolerance[R]. New York:Naval Air Development Center, 1983.
[13] BURNS J W. Re-evaluation of a tilt-back seat as a means of increasing acceleration tolerance[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1975, 46(1):55-63.
[14] BURTON R R. Mathematical models for predicting G-level tolerances[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2000, 71(5):506-513.
[15] VOGE V M. Comparison of several G-tolerance measuring methods at various seatback angles[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1978, 49(2):377-383.
[16] PRINGLE S D, MACFARLANE P W, COBBE S M. Response of heart rate to a roller coaster ride[J]. BMJ:British Medical Journal, 1989, 299(6715):1575-1579.
[17] KUSCHYK J, HAGHI D, BORGGREFE M, et al. Cardiovascular response to a modern roller coaster ride[J]. JAMA, 2007, 298(7):739-741.
[18] WHINNERY J E, LAUGHLIN M H, UHL G S. Coincident loss of consciousness and ventricular tachycardia during + Gz stress[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1980, 51(8):827-831.
[19] BANKS R D, BRINKLEY J W, ALLNUTT R, et al. Human response to acceleration[M]. 4th ed. Philadelphia:Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, 2008.
[20] LEVERETT S D, WHINNERY J E. Biodynamics:sustained acceleration[M]. Philadelphia:Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, 1985.
[21] WHINNERY J E, WHINNERY A M. Acceleration-induced loss of consciousness:A review of 500 episodes[J]. Archives of Neurology, 1990, 47(7):764-776.
[22] GREEN N D C, FORD S A. G-induced loss of consciousness:Retrospective survey results from 2259 military aircrew[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2006, 77(6):619-626.
[23] FORSTER E M. A database to evaluate + Gz acceleration-induced loss of consciousness (GLOC) in the human centrifuge[R]. Warminster, PA:Naval Air Warfare Center, 1993.
[24] FORSTER E M, WHINNERY J E. Statistical analysis of the human strangulation experiments:Comparison to + Gz-induced loss of consciousness[R]. New York:Naval Air Warfare Center, 2019.
[25] MOORE T W, JARON D, HREBIEN L, et al. A mathematical model of G time-tolerance[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1993, 64(10):947-951.
[26] PELLETIER A R, GILCHRIST J. Roller coaster related fatalities, United States, 1994-2004[J]. Injury Prevention, 2005, 11(5):309-312.
[27] FREEMAN M D, CROFT A C, NICODEMUS C N, et al. Significant spinal injury resulting from low-level accelerations:A case series of roller coaster injuries[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2005, 86(11):2126-2130.
[28] ARAT Y Ö, VOLPI J, ARAT A, et al. Bilateral internal carotid artery and vertebral artery dissections with retinal artery occlusion after a roller coaster ride case report and a review[J]. Ulus. Tranvma. Acil. Cerrahi. Derg, 2011, 17:75-78.
[29] GREEN N D C. Effects of long-duration acceleration[J]. Ernsting's Aviation Medicine, 2006, 1(4):137-158.
[30] 陆霞,王璇,颜桂定,等. 高性能战斗机飞行员加速度耐力选拔方法和标准的探讨[J]. 中华航空医学杂志, 1995, 6(1):14-17. LU Xia, WANG Xuan, YAN Guiding, et al. Exploration of screening method and standard for +Gz tolerance of high performance fighter pilots. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 2006, 17(3):185-190.
[31] 金朝,耿喜臣,陆霞,等. 580例歼击机飞行员的基础+ Gz耐力检查结果分析[J]. 中华航空航天医学杂志, 2006, 17(3):185-190. JIN Zhao, GENG Xichen, LU Xia, et al. Analysis of the relaxed + G z tolerance records of 580 fighter pilots. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 2006, 17(3):185-190.
[32] 耿喜臣,颜桂定,金朝. 航空加速度生理学的研究与应用[J]. 航空军医, 2004, 1(4):189-196. GENG Xichen, YAN Guiding, JIN Zhao. Research and application of aviation acceleration physiology[J]. Flight Surgeon, 2004, 1(4):189-196.
[33] 中国人民解放军总后勤部.飞行员持续性正加速度耐力的检查方法和评定:GJB 3293-1998[S]. 北京:中国人民解放军总后勤部, 1998. General Logistics Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Assessment and teat methods of sustained positive acceleration tolerance for pilots:GJB 3293-1998[S]. Beijing:General Logistics Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 1998
[34] HOWARD P. The physiology of negative acceleration[R]. AIAA, 1965.
[35] BANKS R D, GRAY G. "Bunt bradycardia":two cases of slowing of heart rate inflight during negative Gz[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1994, 65(4):330-331.
[36] BANKS R D, BRINKLEY J W, ALLNUTT R, et al. Human response to acceleration[M]. 4th ed. Philadelphia:Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, 2008.
[37] SHERIFF D D, NADLAND I H, TOSKA K. Hemodynamic consequences of rapid changes in posture in humans[J]. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007, 103(2):452-458.
[38] CHRISTY R L. Effects of radial, angular, and transverse acceleration[J]. Aerospace Medicine, 1971, 1(2):167-197.
[39] KUMAR K V, NORFLEET W T. Issues on human acceleration tolerance after long-duration space flights[R]. New York:NASA, 1992.
[40] SMITH S D. Cockpit seat and pilot helmet vibration during flight operations on aircraft carriers[J].Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2004, 75(3):247-254
[41] GREEN N D C. Acute soft tissue neck injury from unexpected acceleration[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2003, 74(10):1085-1090.
[42] LEWIS S. Human tolerance to abrupt deceleration[R]. Florida:Crash Survival Investigator's School, 1974.
[43] COAKWELL M R, BLOSWICK D S, MOSER R. High-risk head and neck movements at high G and interventions to reduce associated neck injury[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2004, 75(1):68-80.
[44] 张选斌,唐勇,岳洪梅. ±Gx加速度对航母舰载机飞行员的影响及防护对策[J]. 人民军医, 2013, 56(10):1124-1125. ZHANG Xuanbin, TANG Yong, YUE Hongmei. Influence of ±G x acceleration on pilots of carrier-borne aircraft of aircraft carrier and protective measures[J]. People's Military Surgeon, 2013, 56(10):1124-1125.
[45] 柳松杨,丛红,王鹤,等. 军机飞行员的颈部损伤研究[J]. 医用生物力学, 2010, 25(4):262-265. LIU Songyang, CONG Hong, WANG He, et al. Study on neck injuries in military pilots[J]. Journal of Medical Biomechanics, 2010, 25(4):262-265.
[46] 包佳仪,王兴伟,周前祥,等. 阻拦着舰过程中飞行员颈部的损伤分析与预测[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2019, 45(3):499-507. BAO Jayi, WANG Xingwei, ZHOU Qianxiang, et al. Analysis and prediction of neck injury of pilots during carrier aircraft arrest deck-landing[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019, 45(3):499-507.
[47] 徐立. 高性能飞机飞行员非冲击性颈部损伤的研究进展[J]. 中华航空医学杂志, 1996, 7(2):120-122. XU Li. Non-impact cervical injuries in pilots of high performance aircraft.[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 1996, 7(2):120-122.
[48] PANJABI M M, ITO S, IVANCIC P C, et al. Evaluation of the intervertebral neck injury criterion using simulated rear impacts[J]. Journal of biomechanics, 2005, 38(8):1694-1701.
[49] 徐艳,雍伟,卫晓阳. ±Gx或±Gy与+Gz复合作用对人体抗荷耐力的影响[J]. 航天医学与医学工程, 2015, 28(5):336-340. XU Yan, YONG Wei, WEI Xiaoyang. Effects of combining ±Gx or ±Gy with +Gz acceleration on anti-G tolerance.[J]. Space Medicine & Medical Engineering, 2015, 28(5):336-340.
[50] 张五星,詹长录,耿喜臣. 在加速度作用中的推拉效应[J]. 中华航空航天医学杂志, 1999, 10(1):54-57. ZHANG Wuxing, ZHAN Changlu, GENG Xichen. The push-pull effect during acceleration stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 1999, 10(1):54-57.
[51] 张五星,詹长录,耿喜臣,等. 旋转床模拟推拉动作的心血管效应[J]. 中华航空航天医学杂志, 2000, 11(3):149-152. ZHANG Wuxing, ZHAN Changlu, GENG Xichen, et al. Cardiovascular responses to rotation table simulated push-pull maneuver[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 2000, 11(3):149-152.
[52] LEHR A K, PRIOR A R J, LANGEWOUTERS G, et al. Previous exposure to negative Gz reduces relaxed + Gz tolerance[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1992, 63(5):405-405.
[53] PRIOR A R J. Negative to positive Gz acceleration transition[R]. SEEN95-3405012-54, 1995.
[54] ZHANG W X, ZHAN C L, GENG X C, et al. Decreased+ Gz tolerance following lower body positive pressure:simulated push-pull effect[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2001, 72(11):1045-1047.
[55] MICHAUD V J, LYONS T J. The "push-pull effect" and G-induced loss of consciousness accidents in the US Air Force[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 1998, 69(11):1104-1106.
[56] BANKS R D, GRISSETT J D, SAUNDERS P L, et al. The effect of varying time at-Gz on subsequent + Gz physiological tolerance (push-pull effect)[J]. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 1995, 66(8):723-727.
[57] CHEUNG B, BATEMAN W A. The G transition effect revisited-a broader flight safety threat than push-pull[R]. ONTARIO:Defence and Civil Inst. of Environmental Medicine, 1999.
[58] ASTM. Standard practice for design of amusement rides and devices:ASTM F2291-2019[S]. ASTM International, 2019
[59] CEN/TC 152.Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices.EN13814-2019[S]. London:British Standard, 2018.
[60] IHS. ISO/TC 254 Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices. Biomechanical effects on amusement ride passengers. ISO TS 17929-2014[S]. Geneva:ISO, 2014
[61] 国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 大型游乐设施安全规范:GB8408-2018[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2018. State administration for market supervision and administration, China Standardization Administration. Large-scale amusement device safety code:GB8408-2018[S]. Beijing:China Standard Press, 2018.
[62] TRIPATHY N K, TYAGI P K. Analysis of multi-axis acceleration profile in a Supermanoeuvrable aircraft[J]. Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 2006, 50(2):7-12.
[63] ALBERY W B. Acceleration in other axes affects +Gz tolerance:dynamic centrifuge simulation of agile flight[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2004, 75(1):1-6.
[64] TRIPATHY N K. Analysis of combat acceleration profiles and multi-axis acceleration profiles in Sukhoi-30 MKI aircraft[R]. Hamburg:Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 2006.
[65] PFISTER B J, CHICKOLA L, SMITH D H. Head motions while riding roller coasters:implications for brain injury[J]. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 2009, 30(4):339-345.
[66] COLLINS W E. Coriolis vestibular stimulation and the influence of different visual surrounds[J]. Aerospace Medicine, 1968, 39(2):125-130.
[67] SINHA R. Effect of vestibular Coriolis reaction on respiration and blood-flow changes in man[J]. Aerospace Medicine, 1968, 39(8):837-844.
[68] GILLINGHAM K K. Some notes on the threshold of the vestibular Coriolis effect and its significance to aircrew[R]. SAM-TR-65-55, Brooks AFB, 1965.
[69] 刘正,于立身,王奎年,等. 阶梯式累加Coriolis加速度刺激法对晕机病易感性的预测[J]. 中华航空航天医学杂志, 1998, 9(2):97-101. LIU Zheng, YU Lishen, WANG Kuinian et al. Using step up cumulative Coriolis acceleration as a method for predicting air sickness susceptibility[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 1998, 9(2):97-101.
[70] 谢溯江,于立身,贾宏博,等. 不同强度的科里奥利加速度刺激对人体主观感觉及眼震的影响[J]. 中华航空航天医学杂志, 2001, 12(2):77-80. XIE Sujiang, YU Lishen, JIA Hongbo, et al. The influence of Coriolis acceleration magnitude on human oculomotor and perceptual responses[J]. Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine, 2001, 12(2):77-80.
[71] 包德海,曹祚焕,况友富,等. 舰艇人员晕船敏感性检查方法研究[C]//中国生理学会第六届应用生理学委员会全国学术会议论文摘要汇编, 2003. BAO Dehai, CAO Zuohuan, KUANG Youfu, et al. A study on sensitivity test of seasickness for ship personnel[C]//Proceedings of the 6th National Conference of Applied Physiology Committee of Chinese Physiological Society, 2003.
[72] BALASUBRAMANIAN S, SEACRIST T, MALTESE M, et al. Head and spinal trajectories in children and adults exposed to low speed frontal acceleration[J]. International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, 2009, 1(6):15-18.
[73] SHANAHAN D F. Human tolerance and crash survivability[R]. New York:Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, 2004.
[74] 谈诚,国耀宇,杨鸿慧,等. 30°仰卧位不同G值冲击下真人和假人的动态响应输出[J]. 航天医学与医学工程, 2005, 18(2):84-88. TAN Cheng, GUO Yaoyu, YANG Honghui, et al. Dynamic responses of human body and human surrogate to different impacts under 30° supine position[J]. Space Medicine & Medical Engineering, 2005, 18(2):84-88.
[75] CHAFFEE J W. The effect of acceleration on human centers of gravity[R]. Falls Church:General Dynamics, 1961.
[76] GOODMAN L S, GROSMAN-RIMON L, MIKULISZYN R. Carotid sinus pressure changes during push-pull maneuvers[J]. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 2006, 77(9):921-928.
[77] 白净. 血液循环系统仿真[J]. 中国科学基金, 1995(2):112-116. BAI Jing. Digital simulation of circulation system[J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 1995(2):112-116.

游乐设施乘员加速度耐受能力研究进展及展望

Research Advances and Prospects on Acceleration Tolerance of Amusement Rides Passengers

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吕盾, 张天宇, 郑贝贝, 赛云祥, 赵万华. 长传动链摆头主轴高加速度启停控制策略研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(23): 210-215.
[2]	余龙焕, 邱志成, 张宪民. 基于加速度反馈的平面3-RRR柔性并联机器人自激振动控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(21): 40-50.
[3]	李瑞君, 常振鑫, 雷英俊, 胡鹏浩, 范光照. 基于DVD光学读取头的悬臂式低频加速度计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(2): 10-17.
[4]	韩勇, 彭乐园, 潘迪, 唐慧聪, 黄红武, 水野幸治. 基于仿真和动物试验的3岁儿童胸腹部软组织器官损伤风险研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(18): 132-141.
[5]	朱军,刘慧君,李香君,王栋. 基于卡尔曼滤波的自平衡两轮电动车多传感器信息融合研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2016, 11(6): 25-32.
[6]	丁杰, 张平, 王鹏. 机车车辆设备振动试验标准与实测数据的分析^*[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(22): 129-137.
[7]	冉旭, 李亮, 赵洵, 宋健, 杨财, 曹明伦. 基于汽车动力学与加速度传感信息的纵向坡度实时识别算法^*[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(18): 98-104.
[8]	姚冰, 陈前, 项红荧, 高雪. 颗粒阻尼器近似理论模型研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(3): 87-94.
[9]	王鹤, 龚国芳, 周鸿彬, 廖湘平, 王伟. 基于不同阀口形状的阀芯旋转式电液激振器振动波形研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(24): 146-152.
[10]	訚耀保, 李长明, 江金林. 三维离心环境下的电液伺服阀特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(2): 169-177.
[11]	汪娜, 彭雄奇, 鲁宏升, 蒋钰钢. 应用CPM法模拟折叠气囊[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(12): 120-126.
[12]	佟志忠;姜洪洲;何景峰;黄其涛. 复合单叶双曲面上广义Gough-Stewart并联机构加速度传感器各向同性优化设计[J]. , 2014, 50(13): 35-41.
[13]	郭希娟;张涛;王玉镇;奚风丰. 一种共轴混联机构的运动学分析[J]. , 2014, 50(11): 60-67.
[14]	卢秉恒;赵万华;张俊;杨晓君;王磊;张会杰;张星. 高速高加速度下的进给系统机电耦合[J]. , 2013, 49(6): 2-11.
[15]	赵玉龙;刘岩;孙禄;蒋庄德. 孔缝双桥结构高性能压阻式加速度传感器[J]. , 2013, 49(6): 198-204.