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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 35-43.doi: 10.3901/JME.2017.12.035

• 承压设备的无损检测与评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

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复合材料结构中R区的超声波反射行为及其检测应用

刘菲菲, 刘松平, 傅天航, 李乐刚, 白金鹏, 史俊伟   

  1. 中航复合材料有限责任公司复合材料检测技术中心 北京 101300
  • 出版日期:2017-06-20 发布日期:2017-06-20
  • 作者简介:

    刘菲菲，女，1979年出生，高级工程师。主要研究方向为复合材料及焊接超声检测技术与应用。负责和参与完成重要科研项目10余项，获省部级科技发明和科技进步一、二、三等奖7项，获国家发明授权专利10余项，发表论文20余篇。

    E-mail：liufeifei79@yahoo.com.cn

    刘松平(通信作者)，男，1962年出生，博士，研究员，博士研究生导师，中航工业特级专家、基础院首席，中航复合材料有限责任公司复合材料检测技术中心主任。主要研究方向为复合材料及焊接无损检测与评估，主持完成重要科研项目40余项，获省部级科技发明和科技进步一、二、三等奖20余项，获国家发明授权专利18项，发表论文100余篇。

    E-mail：liusping2014@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    * 国家自然科学基金资助项目(61571409， 60727001); 20160828收到初稿，20170206收到修改稿;

Ultrasonic Reflection Behavior of R-zone in Carbon Fiber-reinforced Composite Structures and Its Application

LIU Feifei, LIU Songping, FU Tianhang, LI Legang, BAI Jinpeng, SHI Junwei   

  1. Composites Testing Technology Center， AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd.， Beijing 101300
  • Online:2017-06-20 Published:2017-06-20

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摘要：

复合材料已成为现代飞机制造的非常重要的选材，复合材料结构R区缺陷会影响其受力和传载。R区开敞性差、声波反射复杂等影响超声检测及其缺陷识别与定量评估。为此，基于超声波在R-区的反射行为，利用宽带窄脉冲超声反射回波时域特征和成像特征进行复合材料结构R区缺陷检测与量化评估及层深定位。计算结果表明，入射角小于3°时，可以获得较好的声波透射效果。试验结果表明，入射声波在R区蒙皮表面、底面、层间、分层形成的反射信号具有明显不同的时域特征和B-扫描图像特征，对于12个铺层的R-区蒙皮，不同深度分层波幅变化不超过2.5 dB;分层深度定位准确性达1个铺层内;采用水膜方法可以获得稳定的超声耦合效果;利用所使用的换能器及检测系统的超声B-扫描成像，可以直观地再现入射声波在复合材料R区的反射行为，有效地揭示R区分层缺陷深度分布、取向长度;检测分辨率和表面检测盲区可以达到单个复合材料铺层的厚度，约0.125 mm。解剖结果验证了实际超声检测结果的正确性。为复合材料结构R区提供了一种非常有效的检测技术和缺陷定性定量方法，已经得到了非常重要的实际检测应用。

关键词: R区, 超声反射行为, 超声检测, 缺陷识别与分层层深定位, 复合材料

Abstract:

Currently composites are one of the most important materials for advanced aircrafts. Defects in R-zone of composite structures have effect on their loading abilities and load transfer. The accessibility of R-zone, complex sonic reflections, etc., affect R-zone ultrasonic inspection and defect discrimination as well as its quantitative evaluation. A broad-band short pulse ultrasonic technique was developed to be used to implement R-zone non-destructive testing and defect quantitative evaluation based on ultrasonic reflection behaviors in it. The basic calculated results show a good ultrasonic penetration can be reached when incident angle is small than 3 degrees. The ultrasonic testing results show out the remarkable differences in time-domain reflected signals and B-scan images, which resulted from the front surface, back surface, delaminations and interlaminar of R-zone. The difference of echo signal amplitude from different depth delaminations is not more than 2.5 dB for a 12-ply R-zone skin. The accuracy of delamination localization in depth is within 1 ply. A stable ultrasonic coupling between transducer and R-zone surface can be obtained by the used water-film technique. The ultrasonic reflection behaviors of incident waves in R-zones can be visualized well by using B-scan and the employed ultrasonic transducer and system. The distributions of delaminations in the section of R-zone are exhibited very well by the B-scan imaging method. The ultrasonic surface dead-zone and depth resolution can reach to a single ply thickness (approximately 0.125 mm). The destructive testing has demonstrated the correction of ultrasonic evaluation result of the delamination to be found out in R-zone in a real composite structure by using this technique. It provides a very powerful quantitative nondestructive testing and evaluation method for R-zone in composite structures, which has obtained very important practical applications.

Key words: defect discrimination and delamination depth localization in ply, R-zone, ultrasonic evaluation, ultrasonic reflection behavior, composites

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