偏载对铁路货车轴颈轴承概率寿命的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2015.24.177

机械工程学报

偏载对铁路货车轴颈轴承概率寿命的影响

张瑞田^1,2, 赵永翔², 蔡慧²

1. 神华铁路货车运输有限责任公司北京 100036；
2. 西南交通大学机械工程学院成都 610031

收稿日期:2014-12-30 修回日期:2015-06-11 出版日期:2015-12-15 发布日期:2015-12-15
通讯作者: 赵永翔，男，1963年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为疲劳断裂、可靠性、安全性和维修性。 E-mail：yong_x_zhao@163.com
作者简介:张瑞田，男，1965年出生，助理工程师。主要研究方向为车辆可靠性和维修性。 E-mail：xinmin0610@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51175439)、教育部博士点基金(20110184110003)、四川省支撑计划(2012GZX0082)、铁道部科技发展计划(2012G002-10)和牵引动力国家重点实验室(2012TPL-T02)资助项目

Skewed Loading Effect on the Probabilistic Lives of Journal Bearing of Railway Wagon

ZHANG Ruitian^1,2, ZHAO Yongxiang², CAI Hui²

1. ShenHua Railway Wagon Transportation Company Ltd., Beijing 100036;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031

Received:2014-12-30 Revised:2015-06-11 Online:2015-12-15 Published:2015-12-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 偏载恶化车辆服役动力学性能，增加零部件服役载荷，降低动力部件服役寿命。参考标准EN13103/EN 13104/JIS E 4501
进一步考虑惯性和结构细节效应，建立新的铁路货车及轮对的偏载简化动力学模型。依据这一模型建立包含轴颈轴承在内的铁路货车相关动力部件服役载荷确定方法。结合标准ISO 281，考虑铁路货车双列圆锥滚动轴承的产品特点及顺序轮对服役的载荷特点，建立轴承载荷和概率寿命的评估方法。通过某35.7 t轴重铁路货车轴颈轴承的偏载效应分析，揭示了偏载引起轴承谱当量载荷非线性增长、概率寿命呈非线性下降，要控制寿命下降率低于30%，服役管理的临界横向偏载程度不大于15 mm，临界纵向偏载程度不大于30 mm。

关键词: 概率寿命, 偏载, 铁路货车, 轴承

Abstract: Skewed loading will aggravate railway wagon’s dynamic properties to result in an increasing of the dynamic loads and decreasing of lives in service of the parts and components subject to vehicle’s kinetics. New concise dynamic models are constructed in sequent for the wagon and then for wheelsets with skewed loading under consideration of vehicle inertia and detailed transferring forces, referred to the existent codes EN 13103/EN 13104/JIS E 4501. Method is then established for determining loads of vehicle related kinetic parts and components including the journal bearings. Estimation methods for the loads and probabilistic live of the bearings is proposed on referring to the loading and probabilistic life L10 theory in the code ISO 281. An assessment practice is performed for the journal bearings of a freight car with 37.5 t axle weigh incorporated skewed loading cases. Results show a non-linear increasing effect on the spectral equivalent radial loads and a non-linear decreasing effect on the probabilistic lives of the bearings. Critical criteria of lateral 15 mm and longitudinal 30 mm should be controlled to keep the decreasing rate of life in a range of 30 percent.

Key words: bearing, probabilistic life, railway wagon, skewed loading

张瑞田, 赵永翔, 蔡慧. 偏载对铁路货车轴颈轴承概率寿命的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.24.177.

ZHANG Ruitian, ZHAO Yongxiang, CAI Hui. Skewed Loading Effect on the Probabilistic Lives of Journal Bearing of Railway Wagon[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, doi: 10.3901/JME.2015.24.177.

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偏载对铁路货车轴颈轴承概率寿命的影响

Skewed Loading Effect on the Probabilistic Lives of Journal Bearing of Railway Wagon

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