Affecting Mechanism of Base Metal’s Relative Position on Microstructure and Property of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint of High-strength Aerospace Aluminum Alloys

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.18.154

Abstract

Abstract: Solid-state welding of two types of high-strength aluminum alloys for aerospace applications (ceramic aluminum and 2219-C10S aluminum alloy) is achieved by friction stir welding. The influences of base metal’s relative position on the mechanical properties and microstructures of the joints are mainly focused. The results show that the joint obtained by placing 2219 aluminum alloy on the retreating side experiences higher welding thermal cycles, which causes larger grain size in the weak zone of the dissimilar friction stir welded joint (the nugget zone adjacent to thermal-mechanically affected zone at 2219Al side). In the meanwhile, the second phase particles (Al₂Cu and Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃) exhibit large size and low distribution density in this weak zone. All these factors lead to reduction of the mechanical properties of the joint. By contrast, placing 2219 aluminum alloy on the advancing side weakens the thermal effect during the welding process, promotes the material flow in the nugget zone and thus refines the grain structures. Meanwhile, diffusion of Ti and B elements from ceramic aluminum side to 2219Al side occurs in the nugget zone under such a case, which induces the formation of fine TiB₂ phases. The refined second phase particles (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃, Al₂Cu and TiB₂) are distributed uniformly, which makes the joint have higher mechanical properties. The present results offer the theoretical and technological foundation for the high-quality dissimilar friction stir welding of high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys.

Key words: friction stir welding, relative position of base metals, high-strength dissimilar aluminum alloys

CLC Number:

TG456

ZHANG Huijie, KONG Xuliang, YAO Enze, MA Kang, SONG Jianling. Affecting Mechanism of Base Metal’s Relative Position on Microstructure and Property of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joint of High-strength Aerospace Aluminum Alloys[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(18): 154-162.

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