Research Status and Prospects of Space On-orbit Assembly

doi:10.3901/JME.260161

Abstract

Abstract: With the growing demand for constructing large-scale space structures and the limitations of rocket launch capacity and fairing volume becoming increasingly apparent, on-orbit assembly technology has gradually emerged as a key approach for building space architectures. As the intelligence and autonomy of on-orbit assembly systems are considered core capabilities for future space exploration, they are being positioned as major focal points of international aerospace research. The current state of on-orbit assembly research, both domestically and abroad, is systematically reviewed, with emphasis placed on astronaut-performed assembly, space-robotic assembly, dedicated-equipment assembly, and in-orbit construction methods. Research trends in on-orbit assembly are further analyzed from the perspectives of technical approaches and mission objectives. In addition, critical technologies required for future development are identified, including novel material design and application, mechanism design methods and theory, autonomous space robotics, modular unit and interface design, simulation and ground-based verification, in-orbit mission management, and strategic development planning. This review aims to provide scientific reference and technical support for the advancement of on-orbit assembly technologies in China.

Key words: on-orbit assembly, large-scale space structures, space environment, autonomous construction, space robots

CLC Number:

TP391

YAO Chen, HE Yuhang, WANG Siyuan, YANG Xudong, FAN Kaiyue, GUO Hongwei, SHI Chuang, LIU Rongqiang, DENG Zongquan. Research Status and Prospects of Space On-orbit Assembly[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 1-21.

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