Study on Skidding Behavior of Full Ceramic Bearings Considering Dynamic Variations of Internal Clearance

doi:10.3901/JME.260603

Abstract

Abstract: Full ceramic bearings are more sensitive to variations in the internal contact state and are more prone to skidding due to their high hardness and low friction coefficient characteristics. In addition, the dynamic variation of the internal clearance during the operation will change the internal contact state of the bearing, which makes the bearing skidding behavior more complicated and aggravating the instability of the bearing movement. Therefore, a full ceramic bearing dynamics model considering the dynamic variation of radial clearance is proposed. The mapping relationship between the internal clearance and the interference under the influence of high-speed centrifugal effect and thermal effect is established. The contact characteristics and skidding behaviors between the bearing components under the influence of different radial clearances are discussed in detail. Finally, an experiment is designed, and the cage angular velocity is indirectly measured by 3D printed differential encoding disk to verify the correctness of the model. The results show that with the increase of internal clearance, the skidding speed and the skidding area between the ball and the raceway increase significantly. When the internal clearance increased from 0 μm to 5 μm, the skidding speed increased by 50.47% and the skidding area expanded by 24.72%. The increase of speed aggravated the fluctuation amplitude of cage skidding rate, and when the speed is increased from 6 000 r/min to 12 000 r/min, the skidding rate increased to 0.252%, and its fluctuation range increased by 23.5%. This study provides effective theoretical support for fault detection and optimization design of full ceramic bearings.

Key words: full ceramic bearing, internal clearance, skidding behavior, thermal deformation, dynamic characteristics

CLC Number:

TG156

ZHANG Ke, GAO Liuwang, WANG Zhan, WANG Zinan. Study on Skidding Behavior of Full Ceramic Bearings Considering Dynamic Variations of Internal Clearance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(11): 383-398.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/10.3901/JME.260603

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V62/I11/383

References

[1] 李颂华，魏超，吴玉厚，等. 面向极端工况的Si3N4全陶瓷轴承关键技术与研究进展[J]. 轴承，2023(9)：1-10. LI Songhua，WEI Chao，WU Yuhou，et al. Key technologies and research progress of Si3N4 all-ceramic bearings for extreme working conditions[J]. Bearing， 2023(9)：1-10.
[2] 魏万鑫，苏云峰，樊恒中，等. 氮化硅陶瓷轴承球的滚动摩擦磨损特性与损伤行为[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2024, 44(9)：1256-1265. WEI Wanxing，SU Yunfeng，FAN Hengzhong，et al. Rolling friction and wear characteristics and damage behavior of silicon nitride ceramic bearing balls[J]. Tribology，2024，44(9)：1256-1265.
[3] 王展，陈思阳，王子男，等. 考虑动态波纹的陶瓷轴承-转子系统非线性振动特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2024，60(23)：189-204. WANG Zhan，CHEN Siyang，WANG Zinan，et al. Research on nonlinear vibration characteristics of ceramic bearing-rotor system considering dynamic waviness[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，60(23)：189-204.
[4] XIA Z，WU Y，MA T，et al. Experimental study on adaptability of full ceramic ball bearings under extreme conditions of cryogenics and heavy loads[J]. Tribology International，2022，175：107849.
[5] 韩勤锴，褚福磊. 角接触滚动轴承打滑预测模型[J].振动工程学报，2017，30(3)：357-366. HAN Qinkai，CHU Fulei. A nonlinear dynamic model to predict skidding behavior of angular contact ball bearings[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering，2017，30(3)：357-366.
[6] 涂文兵，何海斌，罗丫，等. 滚动轴承稳定工况下的滚动体打滑动力学分析[J]. 振动与冲击，2019，38(6)：94-99. TU Wenbing，HE Haibin，LUO Ya，et al. Dynamic skidding behavior of rolling elements under bearing steady working conditions[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2019，38(6)：94-99.
[7] CAO H，WANG D，ZHU Y，et al. Dynamic modeling and abnormal contact analysis of rolling ball bearings with double half-inner rings[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2021，147：107075.
[8] OKTAVIANA L，TONG V C，HONG S W. Skidding analysis of angular contact ball bearing subjected to radial load and angular misalignment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology，2019，33：837-845.
[9] LIU Y，CHEN Z，TANG L，et al. Skidding dynamic performance of rolling bearing with cage flexibility under accelerating conditions[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2021，150：107257.
[10] 李峰，邓四二，张文虎. 频繁摆动工况下球轴承打滑特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(1)：168-178. LI Feng，DENG Sier，ZHANG Wenhu. Skidding characteristics of ball bearings withstanding a frequent oscillating condition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(1)：168-178.
[11] TU W, LIANG J, YU W, et al. Motion stability analysis of cage of rolling bearing under the variable-speed condition[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics，2023，111(12)：11045-11063.
[12] CHEN J，LIU J，SHAO Y，et al. Vibration modeling of lubricated rolling element bearing considering skidding in loaded zone[J]. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention，2014，14：809-817.
[13] HAN Q，Li X，CHU F. Skidding behavior of cylindrical roller bearings under time-variable load conditions[J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences，2018，135：203-214.
[14] DENG S，ZHU X，QIAN D，et al. Nonlinear dynamic correlation between balls, cage and bearing rings of angular contact ball bearings at different number of balls and groove curvature radii[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics，2023，111(4)：3207-3237.
[15] FANG B，ZHANG J，WAN S，et al. Determination of optimum preload considering the skidding and thermal characteristic of high-speed angular contact ball bearing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design，2018，140(5)：053301.
[16] 彭城，曹宏瑞，朱玉彬，等. 三点接触球轴承打滑动力学分析与验证[J]. 机械工程学报，2023，59(1)：123-130. PENG Cheng，CAO Hongrui，ZHU Yubin，et al. Dynamic analysis and verification on skidding behavior of three-point contact ball bearings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2023，59(1)：123-130.
[17] CUI L，ZHANG H. Limiting speeds of high-speed ball bearings considering prevention of skidding and overheating conditions[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering，2019，11(3)：1687814019835114.
[18] LIU Y，CHEN Z，ZHAI W，et al. Investigation on skidding behavior of a lubricated rolling bearing with fluid–solid-heat coupling effect[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2024，206：110922.
[19] GAO S，HAN Q，ZHOU N，et al. Experimental and theoretical approaches for determining cage motion dynamic characteristics of angular contact ball bearings considering whirling and overall skidding behaviors[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2022，168：108704.
[20] WANG M，YAN K，ZHANG X，et al. A comprehensive study on dynamic performance of ball bearing considering bearing deformations and ball-inner raceway separation[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2023，185：109826.
[21] CHEN Y，WU X，WANG X，et al. Clearance-induced contact trajectory uncertainty of angular contact ball bearing under coupling operating condition[J]. Meccanica，2023，58(1)：43-66.
[22] LIU G，HONG J，WU W，et al. Investigation on the influence of interference fit on the static and dynamic characteristics of spindle system[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology，2018，99：1953-1966.
[23] GAO S，WANG L，ZHANG Y. Modeling and dynamic characteristic analysis of high speed angular contact ball bearing with variable clearance[J]. Tribology International，2023，182：108330.
[24] 郝旭，于长鑫，刘军，等. 热致轴承刚度与游隙变化特性及其对转子振动响应的影响[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(13)：147-165. HAO Xu，YU Changxin，LIU Jun，et al. The variation characteristics of thermally induced bearing stiffness and clearance and its influence on rotor vibration response[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(13)：147-165.
[25] XU M，WANG M，HE D，et al. Skidding behavior of lubricated rolling element bearings under the influence of oil film and radial clearances[J]. Tribology International，2024，194：109500.
[26] 吴玉厚，任科轩，夏忠贤，等. 全陶瓷球轴承最佳原始游隙的研究与分析[J]. 机械设计与制造，2024(11)： 314-320. WU Yuhou，REN Kexuan，XIA Zhongxian，et al. Research and analysis on the best original clearance of full ceramic ball bearing[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture，2024(11)：314-320.