Self-tuning Enhanced Dynamic Behavior of Rotating Vibration Energy Harvester with Multi-field Coupling Effect

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.10.495

Abstract

Abstract: A novel tuning method for a rotating energy harvester based on multi-field coupling effect and collaborative enhancement mechanism of centrifugal field, magnetic field, and gravity field is proposed, and a rotating vibration energy harvester integrating inner and outer magnetic-mechanical-piezoelectric cantilever beams is designed and constructed. By utilizing the coupling and synergistic effect of centrifugal force, magnetic force, and gravity, the inner and outer piezoelectric cantilever beams respectively produce stiffness softening and hardening effects, achieving synchronous expansion of the low-frequency and high-frequency working range of the energy harvester; Further utilizing the coupling and synergistic effects of centrifugal force, magnetic force, and gravity to generate additional periodic excitations on the inner and outer piezoelectric cantilever beams, the dynamic response amplitude and output electrical power of the energy harvester are synchronously enhanced. A key dynamic behavior analysis model for a rotating energy harvester is established using the energy method and Hamilton’s principle. The influence of centrifugal force, magnetic force, and gravity on the dynamic output characteristics and frequency band tuning mechanism of the energy harvester is simulated and analyzed. The experimental results show that under multi-field coupling effect, the operating frequency bands of the inner and outer piezoelectric beams have increased by 2.5 Hz and 5.5 Hz, respectively, and the output voltages have increased by 1.9 V and 2.6 V, respectively, with a maximum output power of 0.055 mW. The research results provide theoretical and experimental references for the development and design of high-performance broadband rotational vibration energy harvesters.

Key words: rotating vibration energy harvester, multi-field coupling, self-tuning, dynamic behavior enhancement

CLC Number:

TM619

ZHOU Yuyang, ZHANG Haibin, CHEN Yuanbo, LI Kangkang, WANG Yufei, WANG Guangqing. Self-tuning Enhanced Dynamic Behavior of Rotating Vibration Energy Harvester with Multi-field Coupling Effect[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(10): 495-511.

References

[1] ZHANG Y，WANG W，WU X，et al. A comprehensive review on self-powered smart bearings[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews，2023，183：113446.
[2] 于家豪，陶凯. 振动俘能技术在可穿戴领域的应用[J]. 机械工程学报，2022，58(20)：46-71. YU Jiahao，TAO Kai. Applications of vibration energy harvesting technology in the field of wearable devices[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，58(20)：46-71.
[3] ZHANG Y，LUO A，WANG Y，et al. Rotational electromagnetic energy harvester for human motion application at low frequency[J]. Applied Physics Letters，2020，116：053902.
[4] 唐炜，王小璞，曹景军. 非线性磁式压电振动能量采集系统建模与分析[J]. 物理学报，2014，63(24)：72-85. TANG Wei，WANG Xiaopu，CAO Jingjun. Modeling and analysis of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting system using permanent magnetics[J]. Acta Physica Sinica，2014，63(24)：72-85.
[5] GUO X，ZHANG Y，FAN K，et al. A comprehensive study of non-linear air damping and ‘pull-in’ effects on the electrostatic energy harvesters[J]. Energy Conversion and Management，2020，203：112264.
[6] TAO K，YI H P，YANG Y，et al. Origami-inspired electret-based triboelectric generator for biomechanical and ocean wave energy harvesting[J]. Nano Energy，2020，67：104197.
[7] FU H，MEI X T，YURCHENKO D，et al. Rotational energy harvesting for self-powered sensing[J]. Joule，2021，5：1074-1118.
[8] SUN R，ZHOU S，CHENG L. Ultra-low frequency vibration energy harvesting：Mechanisms，enhancement techniques，and scaling laws[J]. Energy Conversion and Management，2023，276：116585.
[9] FANG S，WANG S，ZHOU S，et al. Exploiting the advantages of the centrifugal softening effect in rotational impact energy harvesting[J]. Applied Physical Letters，2020，116(6)：063903.
[10] FANG S，CHEN K，LAI Z，et al. Analysis and experiment of auxetic centrifugal softening impact energy harvesting from ultra-low-frequency rotational excitations[J]. Applied Energy，2023，331：120355.
[11] RUI X，ZHANG Y，ZENG Z，et al. Design and analysis of a broadband three-beam impact piezoelectric energy harvester for low-frequency rotational motion[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2021，149：107307.
[12] ZOU H X，ZHANG W M，LI W B，et al. Design，modeling and experimental investigation of a magnetically coupled flextensional rotation energy harvester[J]. Smart Materials and Structures，2017，26(11)：115023.
[13] LIU L，HE L，LIU X，et al. Design and experiment of a low frequency non-contact rotary piezoelectric energy harvester excited by magnetic coupling[J]. Energy，2022，258：124882.
[14] YUAN M，LIU K，SADHU A. Simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting with a non-traditional vibration absorber[J]. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures，2018，29(8)：1748-1763.
[15] KRACK M，ABOULFOTOH N，TWIEFEL J，et al. Toward understanding the self-adaptive dynamics of a harmonically forced beam with a sliding mass[J]. Archive Applied Mechanics，2017，87(4)：699-720.
[16] GU L，LIVERMORE C. Passive self-tuning energy harvester for extracting energy from rotational motion[J]. Applied Physics Letter，2010，97(8)：081904.
[17] RUI X，ZENG Z，MEMBER，et al. Design and experimental investigation of a self-tuning piezoelectric energy harvesting system for intelligent vehicle wheels[J]. Transactions on Vehicular Technology，2020，69(2)：1440-1445.
[18] SU W J，LIN J H，LI W C. Analysis of a cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester in different orientations for rotational motion[J]. Sensors，2020，20(4)：120.
[19] MEI X，WU Z，ZHOU S. The effect of centrifugal force on the dynamic performance of beam-type rotational energy harvesters[J]. European Physical，2022，23(8)：1383-1389.
[20] MEI X，ZHOU R，FANG S，et al. Theoretical modeling and experimental validation of the centrifugal softening effect for high-efficiency energy harvesting in ultralow-frequency rotational motion[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2021，152：107424.
[21] GUAN M，LIAO W H. Design and analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvester for rotational motion system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management，2016，111：239-244.
[22] KHAMENEIFAR F，ARZANPOUR S，MOALLEM M. A piezoelectric energy harvester for rotary motion applications：Design and experiments[J]. Transactions on Mechatronics，2013，18(5)：1527-1534.
[23] RAJA V，UMAPATHY M，UMA G，et al. Performance enhanced piezoelectric rotational energy harvester using reversed exponentially tapered multi-mode structure for autonomous sensor systems[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2023，544：117429.
[24] LIU C，ZHANG W，YU K，et al. Gravity-induced bistable 2DOF piezoelectric vibration energy harvester for broadband low-frequency operation[J]. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering，2023，23(3)：208.
[25] WANG G，ZHAO Z，LIAO W H，et al. Characteristics of a tri-stable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester by considering geometric nonlinearity and gravitation effects[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2020，138：106571.
[26] 朱强国，王光庆，刘周龙，等. 非线性压电振动能量采集器与非线性接口转换电路的耦合动力学特性研究[J]. 仪器仪表学报，2022，43(9)：178-192. ZHU Qiangguo，WANG Guangqing，LIU Zhoulong，et al. Harmonic analysis of coupling dynamics between the nonlinear piezoelectric vibration energy harvester and the nonlinear power extraction circuits[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument，2022，43(9)：178-192.
[27] ZHU P，REN X，QIN W，et al. Theoretical and experimental studies on the characteristics of a tri-stable piezoelectric harvester[J]. Archive Applied Mechanics，2017，87(8)：1541-1554.
[28] FEBBO M. MACHADO S P，GATTI C D，et al. An out-of-plane rotational energy harvesting system for low frequency environment[J]. Energy Conversion and Management，2017，152：166-170.
[29] YOO H，SHIN S. Vibration analysis of rotating cantilever beams[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，1998，212(5)：807-828.
[30] GUO B，CHEN Z，CHENG C，et al. Characteristics of a nonlinear rotating piezoelectric energy harvester under variable rotating speeds[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics，2015，47(2)：411-423.
[31] ZHOU S，YAN B，INMAN D. A novel nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting system based on linear-element coupling：Design，modeling and dynamic analysis[J]. Sensors，2018，18(5)：1492.
[32] MEI X，ZHOU S，YANG Z，et al. A tri-stable energy harvester in rotational motion：Modeling，theoretical analyses and experiments[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2020，469：115142.
[33] KAR W，YUNG，PETER B. An analytic solution for the force between two magnetic dipoles[J]. Magnetic and Electrical Separation，1998，9：39-52.
[34] WANG G，LIAO W H，ZHAO Z，et al. Nonlinear magnetic force and dynamic characteristics of a tri-stable piezoelectric energy harvester[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics，2019，97(4)：2371-2397.
[35] ERTURK A，INMAN D J. An experimentally validated bimorph cantilever model for piezoelectric energy harvesting from base excitations[J]. Smart Materials and Structures，2009，18(2)：025009.
[36] KUMAR K. A，ALI S F，AROCKIARAJAN A. Magneto-elastic oscillator：Modeling and analysis with nonlinear magnetic interaction[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration，2017，393：265-284.
[37] ZHOU Z，QIN W，DU W，et al. Improving energy harvesting from random excitation by nonlinear flexible bi-stable energy harvester with a variable potential energy function[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2018，115：162-172.