Detection and Characteristic Analysis of Weld Pool Oscillation Behavior in Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.16.141

Abstract

Abstract: There is a clear physical correspondence between the oscillatory behavior of weld pool surface and penetration. However, it is difficult to sense and resolve the oscillation characteristics of weld penetration from the multidimensional oscillation behavior of weld pool surface, which is influenced by the droplet transfer process during pulsed gas metal arc welding. Based on this, a method for measuring the oscillation behavior of the weld pool of pulsed gas metal arc welding using laser vision is proposed. Five/single line laser stripes in partial, critical and full penetration states were acquired, and image processing algorithms were used to obtain information on the oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude, curvature and width oscillation characteristics of weld pools in different penetration states. The above oscillation characteristics are also analyzed in correlation with the free surface fluctuation behavior of weld pool and the backside penetration state. The results show that the oscillation mode on the surface of weld pool in the three melt-through states (partial, critical and full penetration) are all traveling wave modes, and the oscillation frequency of weld pool is directly related to the oscillation mode. The oscillation mode did not change for different penetration states, so that the frequency characteristics did not change abruptly either. There is a correlation between curvature, width and volume of the upper surface of the melt pool, and the volume of the upper surface of the weld pool changes less from partial to full penetration, so that the curvature, width characteristics also do not change abruptly. The amplitude of the oscillation depends mainly on the variation of the bottom constraint of the weld pool, which is characterized by a sudden change in the overall oscillation degree of freedom due to the appearance of the second free surface at the bottom in the full penetration state. The characteristic mutation means that this oscillation characteristic has significant changes in different penetration states.

Key words: weld pool oscillation, laser vision, penetration status, characteristics analysis

CLC Number:

TG409

LI Chunkai, DAI Yue, WANG Jiaxin, GU Yufen, SHI Yu. Detection and Characteristic Analysis of Weld Pool Oscillation Behavior in Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(16): 141-150.

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