Rotor Temperature Online Estimation of Built-in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.24.209

Abstract

Abstract: Realizing the online monitoring of the rotor temperature of the permanent magnet synchronous motor used in electric vehicles is not only crucial to ensure the normal operation of the motor, but also increases the duration of the motor’s peak torque and maximizes the motor's working potential. Therefore, based on the idea of magneto-thermal bidirectional coupling, a specific magnetic-thermal bidirectional coupling technical route for estimating the rotor temperature of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for vehicles is proposed. Firstly, on the basis of the traditional motor lumped parameter model, a lumped parameter electromagnetic model considering the influence of motor temperature is established; then, based on the temperature characteristics of the resistance, magnetic density, and electrical conductivity of the IPMSM material, a motor loss model considering the influence of motor temperature is established. Finally, according to the principle of heat transfer and the distribution of motor loss, the motor is divided into nodes, an equivalent thermal network model of IPMSM is established, and the thermal parameters in the thermal network model are identified by particle swarm optimization algorithm. Combined with the electromagnetic model, loss model and equivalent thermal network model, a magneto-thermal bidirectional coupled rotor temperature online estimation model is constructed, which realizes the rapid online estimation of the rotor temperature of the motor. The accuracy of the rotor temperature estimation model is verified by bench tests and real vehicle road tests under different ambient temperatures and working conditions. The test results show that the proposed rotor temperature estimation model has high estimation accuracy, and the rotor temperature estimation errors are all within ±3 ℃, which can greatly increase the rotor temperature threshold, prolong the peak torque duration, and improve the motor performance.

Key words: electric vehicle, built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, rotor temperature, magnetic-thermal bidirectional coupling, thermal network model

CLC Number:

TM341

XIAO Zongxin, HU Minghui, SHI Liwang, ZHOU Anjian. Rotor Temperature Online Estimation of Built-in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(24): 209-222.

References

[1] 邹国棠. 电动汽车电机及驱动:设计、分析和应用[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2018. ZOU Guotang. Electric vehicle motor and drive:Design,analysis and application[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2018.
[2] 唐任远. 现代永磁电机理论与设计[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,2015. TANG Renyuan. Theory and design of modern permanent magnet motor[M]. Beijing:China Machine Press,2015.
[3] 彭志远,杜长虹,陈健,等. 电动车用永磁同步电机转子温度估算[J]. 重庆理工大学学报,2019,33(9):11-16,72. PENG Zhiyuan,DU Changhong,CHEN Jian,et al. Estimation of rotor temperature of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology,2019,33(9):11- 16,72.
[4] 李统. 永磁同步电机转子温度场计算与测量[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2017. LI Tong. Calculation and measurement of rotor temperature field of permanent magnet synchronous motor[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.
[5] 张立军,徐杰,孟德建. 基于Preisach模型的永磁同步轮毂电机损耗及温度场建模与分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2019,55(22):33-40,51. ZHANG Lijun,XU Jie,MENG Dejian. Modeling and analysis of loss and temperature field in permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor based on preisach theory[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2019,55(22):33-40,51.
[6] 王剑波. 纯电动汽车用永磁同步电机温度场分析及散热优化[D]. 长春:吉林大学,2019. WANG Jianbo. Temperature field analysis and heat dissipation optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor for pure electric vehicles[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2019.
[7] 丁树业,江欣,朱敏,等. 基于集总参数热网络法的永磁同步电机启动及稳态温升分析[J]. 电机与控制学报,2020,24(5):143-150. DING Shuye,JIANG Xin,ZHU Min,et al. Start-up and steady-state temperature rise analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on lumped parameter thermal network method[J]. Journal of Electrical Machinery and Control,2020,24(5):143- 150.
[8] 兰志勇,魏雪环,李虎如,等. 基于集总参数热网络法的永磁同步电机温度场分析[J]. 电气工程学报,2017,12(1):17-21,32. LAN Zhiyong,WEI Xuehuan,LI Huru,et al. Temperature field analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on lumped parameter thermal network method[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering,2017,12(1):17-21,32.
[9] 朱元,肖明康,陆科,等. 电动汽车永磁同步电机转子温度估计[J]. 电机与控制学报,2021,25(6):72-81. ZHU Yuan,XIAO Mingkang,LU Ke,et al. Estimation of rotor temperature of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Electric Machines and Control,2021,25(6):72-81.
[10] DEMETRIADES G D,PARRA H,ANDERSSON E,et al. A real-time thermal model of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(2):463-474.
[11] GOSS J,STATON D,WROBEL R,et al. Brushless AC interior-permanent magnet motor design:Comparison of slotpolecombinations and distributed vs. concentrated windings[C]//Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. New York:IEEE,2013:1213-1219.
[12] 薛枫. 充水式潜水电机温升计算[J]. 排灌机械工程学报,2001,19(4):23-27. XUE Feng. Calculation of temperature rise of water-filled submersible motor[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Mechanical Engineering,2001,19(4):23-27.
[13] PICKERING S J,LAMPARD D,HAY N,et al. Heat transfer from the stator end-windings of a low voltage concentric-wound induction motor[C]//Electrical Machines and Drivcs,1995. Seventh Intermational Conference on. IEEE Xplore,New York:IEEE,1995:477-481.
[14] CHEN X,WANG J,GRIFFO A. A high-fidelity andcomputationally efficient electrothermally coupled model for interior permanent-magnet machines in electric vehicle traction applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification,2016,1(4):336-347.
[15] 江善林. 高速永磁同步电机的损耗分析与温度场计算[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010. JIANG Shanlin. Loss analysis and temperature field calculation of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2010.
[16] BERTOTTI,G. General properties of power losses in soft ferromagnetic materials[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1988,24(1):621-630.
[17] 朱卫光. 电动车辆永磁同步电机转子永磁体涡流损耗及温度场研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学,2014. ZHU Weiguang. Research on eddy current loss and temperature field of permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor for electric vehicles[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2014.
[18] 王梦琪. 基于集总参数热网络法的永磁同步电机热研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2016. WANG Mengqi. Thermal research of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on lumped parameter thermal network method[D]. Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2016.
[19] 杨世铭,陶文铨. 传热学[M]. 4版. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006. YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan. Heat transfer[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[20] 师蔚,阳喜成. 基于粒子群优化算法的永磁电机热网络参数识别[J]. 电机与控制应用,2019,46(3):102-108. SHI Wei,YANG Xicheng. Identification of thermal network parameters of permanent magnet motor based on particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Motor and Control Applications,2019,46(3):102-108.
[21] 石振禾. 永磁同步电机损耗及热特性的研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2018. SHI Zhenhe. Research on the loss and thermal characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motor[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang University of Technology,2018.
[22] BOGLIETTI A,CARPANETO E,COSSALE M,et al. Stator-winding thermal models for short-time thermal. transients:Definition and validation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(5):2713-2721.
[23] ZHOU A,DU C,PENG Z,et al. Rotor temperature safety prediction method of PMSM for electric vehicle on real-time energy equivalence[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2020,2020:3213052.