Research Progress of Cable Layout Design Technology: A Review

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.02.268

Abstract

Abstract: As one of the important links in the research and development of electromechanical products, cable layout design has always attracted people's eager attention. Based on the in-depth study of cable layout design, the existing cable layout design technology is analyzed according to its development history. Firstly, the traditional cable layout design technology is introduced, but it is gradually eliminated due to defects such as production lag. Then the man-machine interactive cable layout design technology is introduced from two aspects of desktop computer-aided design system and immersive virtual reality technology. Finally, the current research hotspot, that is, cable automatic layout design technology is introduced in detail. On the one hand, it starts with the overall automatic layout design system of cables, and analyzes the independent development system and secondary development system of automatic cable layout. On the other hand, it focuses on four types of automatic path planning algorithms for cables, including blind search algorithms, heuristic search algorithms, intelligent optimization algorithms, and sampling-based path planning algorithms. At the end of the article, the future research direction of cable layout design technology is prospected, which provides reference and support for the study of cable digital layout.

Key words: cable, harness, layout design, automatic routing, path planning

CLC Number:

TP391

CUI Yuping, ZHENG Guolei. Research Progress of Cable Layout Design Technology: A Review[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(2): 268-280.

References

[1] 牛蕊. 航空产品电缆的数字化布局分析[J]. 山东工业技术, 2016(1):133-133. NIU Rui. Analysis of digital layout of cable for aviation products[J]. Shandong Industrial Technology, 2016(1):133-133.
[2] 於祖庆, 兰朋, 李昆昆, 等. 基于分段连续ANCF缆索单元的输电线缆动力学建模与仿真[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(19):70-77. YU Zuqing, LAN Peng, LI Kunkun, et al. Dynamic simulation of electrical wire based on the piecewise absolute nodal coordinate formulation cable element[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(19):70-77.
[3] 丁川. 飞行器电缆布线数字化技术研究与系统开发[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2017. DING Chuan. Research on the wiring digitization technology of aircraft cable and system development[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017.
[4] 李庆军. 布线板式预布线工艺研究与实施[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2009(5):44-46. LI Qingjun. Research and implementation of pre-wiring technology of wiring board[J]. New Technology & New Process, 2009(5):44-46.
[5] 黄鹏. 光电稳瞄装置电气互联工艺研究[D]. 南京:南京理工大学, 2014. HUANG Peng. Light the electricity is steady to take aim device the electricity conjunction integrated craft research[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2014.
[6] 党艳银, 陈永生. 舰载电子设备整机布线技术的工艺性研究[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2012(9):79-81. DANG Yanyin, CHEN Yongsheng. Research on the wiring technology of ship borne electronic equipment[J]. New Technology & New Process, 2012(9):79-81.
[7] BAILEY D. Computer integrated system for design and assembly of cable harnesses:Part II-algorithms[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Production Engineering Division, 1985, 15:237-242.
[8] FEDARB R C, JUDKINS J. Computer aided design for wire harness manufacture[J]. SAE Transactions, 1990, 99(2):465-473.
[9] PARK H, LEE S H, CUTKOSKY M R. Computational support for concurrent engineering of cable harnesses[C]//American Society of Mechanical Engineers. International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. New York:ASME, 1992:261-268.
[10] PARK H, CUTKOSKY M R, CONRU A B, et al. An agent-based approach to concurrent cable harness design[J]. AI EDAM, 1994, 8(1):45-61.
[11] PETRIE C J, WEBSTER T A, CUTKOSKY M R. Using pareto optimality to coordinate distributed agents[J]. AI EDAM, 1995, 9(4):269-281.
[12] WU Y, CHAMPANERI R, MEHTA P. CHD:An expert system for the design of cable harnesses[J]. Transactions on Information and Communications Technologies, 1994, 6:125-131.
[13] CEREZUELA C, CAUVIN A, BOUCHER X, et al. A decision support system for a concurrent design of cable harnesses:Conceptual approach and implementation[J]. Concurrent Engineering Research & Applications, 1998, 6(1):43-52.
[14] CAUDELL T P, MIZELL D W. Augumented reality:An application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes[C]//Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Twenty-fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. New York:ACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 1992:659-669.
[15] NG F M, RITCHIE J M, SIMMONS J E L, et al. Designing cable harness assemblies in virtual environments[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000, 107(1-3):37-43.
[16] RITCHIE J M, ROBINSON G, DAY P N, et al. Cable harness design, assembly and installation planning using immersive virtual reality[J]. Virtual Reality, 2007, 11(4):261-273.
[17] HOLT P O B, RITCHIE J M, DAY P N, et al. Immersive virtual reality in cable and pipe routing:Design metaphors and cognitive ergonomics[J]. Journal of Computing & Information Science in Engineering, 2004, 4(3):161-170.
[18] RITCHIE J, SIMMONS J, DEWA R, et al. A methodology for eliciting expert knowledge in virtual engineering environments[C]//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. PICMET'99:Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology. New York:IEEE, 1999:285-290.
[19] SUNGA R C W, RITCHIEA J M, ROBINSONA G, et al. Automated design process modelling and analysis using immersive virtual reality[J]. Computer Aided Design, 2009, 41(12):1082-1094.
[20] ROBINSON G, RITCHIE J M, DAY P N, et al. System design and user evaluation of Co-Star:An immersive stereoscopic system for cable harness design[J]. Computer Aided Design, 2007, 39(4):245-257.
[21] VALENTINI P P. Interactive cable harnessing in augmented reality[J]. International Journal on Interactive Design & Manufacturing, 2011, 5(1):45-53.
[22] 刘检华, 万毕乐, 宁汝新. 虚拟环境下基于离散控制点的线缆装配规划技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2006, 42(8):125-130. LIU Jianhua, WAN Bile, NING Ruxin. Cable assembly planning technology based on discrete control points in virtual environment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 42(8):125-130.
[23] LV N, LIU J, DING X, et al. Physically based real-time interactive assembly simulation of cableharness[J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2017, 43:385-399.
[24] 刘检华, 赵涛, 王春生, 等. 虚拟环境下的活动线缆物理特性建模与运动仿真技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2011, 47(9):121-128. LIU Jianhua, ZHAO Tao, WANG Chunsheng, et al. Physical property modeling and motion simulation of live cable in virtual environment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2011, 47(9):121-128.
[25] 魏发远, 王峰军, 陈新发. 含有柔性电缆的复杂系统装配仿真[J]. 工程设计学报, 2007, 14(1):25-30. WEI Fayuan, WANG Fengjun, CHEN Xinfa. Assembly simulation of complex system with flexible cable[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2007, 14(1):25-30.
[26] YANG X, LIU J, LV N, et al. A review of cable layout design and assembly simulation in virtual environments[J]. Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, 2019, 1(6):543-557.
[27] 韩冰. 航天产品电缆数字化布局设计研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2014. HAN Bing. Research on digital layout design of cable harness in aerospace products[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2014.
[28] SANDURKAR S, CHEN W. GAPRUS-genetic algorithms based pipe routing using tessellated objects[J]. Computers in Industry, 1999, 38(3):209-223.
[29] CONRU A B. A genetic approach to the cable harness routing problem[C]//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Proceedings of the First IEEE Conference on Evolutionary Computation. New York:IEEE, 1994:200-205.
[30] VAN DER VELDEN C, BIL C, YU X, et al. An intelligent system for automatic layout routing in aerospace design[J]. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2007, 3(2):117-128.
[31] ZHU Zaoxu, VAN TOOREN M J L, DER ELST S. On the development of a heuristic routing application for the automatic wire harness design in the aircraft[C]//American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics. Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 19th. Colorado:AIAA, 2011:2148-2156.
[32] ZHU Zaoxu, VAN TOOREN M J L, LA ROCCA G. A KBE application for automatic aircraft wire harness routing[C]//American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics. Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 20th. Hawaii:AIAA, 2012:1843.
[33] 马相坤. 电缆敷设模拟系统的开发与应用[J]. 电力建设, 2001, 22(6):60-61. MA Xiangkun. Development and application of cable laying simulation system[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2001, 22(6):60-61.
[34] 原建伟. 基于AutoCAD的综合布线辅助设计系统的开发[J]. 工程建设与设计, 2010(2):69-72. YUAN Jianwei. Developing generic cabling computer aid design system based on AutoCAD[J]. Construction & Design for Project, 2010(2):69-72.
[35] 王金芳, 闫静, 武凯, 等. 基于PRO/E的线缆装配工艺规划系统关键技术研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2008, 19(13):1565-1569. WANG Jinfang, YAN Jing, WU Kai, et al. Research on key technologies of cable assembly process planning system based on PRO/E[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 19(13):1565-1569.
[36] 郭伟, 刘艳芳, 赵辉, 等. 基于骨架模型的快速布线方法[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2012, 18(11):2391-2397. GUO Wei, LIU Yanfang, ZHAO Hui, et al. Quick routing method based on skeleton model[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2012, 18(11):2391-2397.
[37] 苗振腾, 方沂, 路红杨. 基于UG二次开发的自动电气布线系统的设计[J]. 现代制造技术与装备, 2009(4):67-69. MIAO Zhenteng, FANG Yi, LU Hongyang. Design of automatic electrical wiring system developed by UG[J]. Modern Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, 2009(4):67-69.
[38] 吴银锋. 电子整机三维布线系统设计[D]. 桂林:桂林电子工业学院, 2005. WU Yinfeng. Design of electronic equipment of 3D routing system[D]. Guilin:Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 2005.
[39] 胡宇威. 基于并行搜索策略的三维线缆自动布线技术研究[D]. 桂林:桂林电子科技大学, 2018. HU Yuwei. Research of automatic 3D routing technology based on parallel search strategy[D]. Guilin:Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 2018.
[40] 鞠传海. 基于CREO的三维线缆布线关键技术研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2016. JU Chuanhai. Research on key technology of 3D cable wiring based on CREO[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.
[41] 吴保胜. 柔性线缆信息建模与三维路径规划技术研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2017. WU Baosheng. Research on information modeling and 3D path planning technology of flexible cable[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017.
[42] 杨光育, 扈志远. 基于CATIA的三维自动布线系统开发[J]. 电子技术应用, 2014, 40(1):128-130. YANG Guangyu, HU Zhiyuan. Development of 3D automatic wiring system based on CATIA[J]. Application of Electronic Technique, 2014, 40(1):128-130.
[43] ZHU D, LATOMBE J C. Pipe routing-path planning (with many constraints)[C]//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 1991:1940-1947.
[44] DIJKSTRA E W. A note on two problems in connexion with graphs[J]. Numerische Mathematik, 1959, 1(1):269-271.
[45] 杜星格. FPGA布局布线算法的研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2013. DU Xingge. Research of FPGA placement and routing algorithm[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2013.
[46] KIM S, CHOI T, KIM S, et al. Sequential graph-based routing algorithm for electrical harnesses, tubes, and hoses in a commercial vehicle[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1994, 32(4):917-933.
[47] 黄鑫. 虚拟环境下的线缆布线技术研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学, 2019. HUANG Xin. Research on cabling technology in virtual environment[D]. Guiyang:Guizhou University, 2019.
[48] MA X, IIDA K, XIE M, et al. A genetic algorithm for the optimization of cable routing[J]. Systems and Computers in Japan, 2006, 37(7):61-71.
[49] HUANG T, CHANG C, LIN C, et al. Intra-vehicle network routing algorithm for wiring weight and wireless transmit power minimization[C]//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. The 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference. New York:IEEE, 2015.
[50] LEE C Y. An algorithm for path connections and its applications[J]. Ire Transactions on Electronic Computers, 1961, 10(3):346-365.
[51] HU J, SAPATNEKAR S S. A survey on multi-net global routing for integrated circuits[J]. Integration, 2001, 31(1):1-49.
[52] 胡谊东. 目标驱动的迷宫布线算法及优化[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 2004. HU Yidong. Objective-driven maze routing algorithm and optimization[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
[53] 丁志远. 基于PRO/E的调制器三维布线生成线扎图的设计和实现[D]. 成都:电子科技大学, 2014. DING Zhiyuan. 3D wiring generating cabling diagram design and realize of modulator based on PRO/E[D]. Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2014.
[54] HART P E, NILSSON N J, RAPHAEL B. A formal basis for the heuristic determination of minimum cost paths[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, 1968, 4(2):100-107.
[55] 李纯军. 基于A*算法的多管线通道化自动敷设方法研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 2011. LI Chunjun. Study on the channelized auto-routing method of multi-pipeline based on A* algorithm[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2011.
[56] 权建洲, 韩明晶, 李智. 基于改进A*算法的电子制造装备布线方法研究[J]. 中国科技论文, 2009, 4(8):555-559. QUAN Jianzhou, HAN Mingjing, LI Zhi. Research on wiring method of electronic manufacturing equipment based on improved A * algorithm[J]. China Science paper, 2009, 4(8):555-559.
[57] 韩明晶. 基于A*算法的电子制造装备布线研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 2009. HAN Mingjing. Study on wiring of electronic manufacturing equipment based on A-star algorithm[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2009.
[58] KATOCH S, CHAUHAN S S, KUMAR V. A review on genetic algorithm:past, present, and future[J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2021, 80(5):8091-8126.
[59] 冯军, 应文烨, 陈宾康. 基于遗传算法三维管路布置设计方法[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2004, 22(3):75-78. FENG Jun, YING Wenye, CHEN Binkang. 3D pipeline layout design method based on Genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2004, 22(3):75-78.
[60] 张鹏. 基于遗传算法的船舶电缆布置优化设计的研究[D]. 大连:大连理工大学, 2014. ZHANG Peng. The study for ship cable's arrangement based on genetic algorithm[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology, 2014.
[61] ITO T. A genetic algorithm approach to piping route path planning[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1999, 10(1):103-114.
[62] MA Xuan, IIDA K, XIE Mengchun, et al. A genetic algorithm for the optimization of cable routing[J]. Systems & Computers in Japan, 2006, 37(7):61-71.
[63] 汪雪莲, 黄君. 遗传算法在船舶电缆布局优化设计中的应用研究[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2009, 4(4):72-75. WANG Xuelian, HUANG Jun. Research on the application of Genetic algorithm in the optimal design of ship cable layout[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2009, 4(4):72-75.
[64] 刘定理. 遗传算法综述[J]. 中国西部科技, 2009, 8(25):41-43. LIU Dingli. Overview of genetic algorithm[J]. Science and Technology of West China, 2009, 8(25):41-43.
[65] DORIGO M, COLORNI A, MANIEZZO V. Distributed optimization by ant colonies[C]//Elsevier. Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life. Paris:Elsevier, 1991:134-142.
[66] 吴保胜, 郭宇, 王发麟, 等. 基于改进蚁群算法的线缆路径规划技术研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2018, 54(10):236-241. WU Baosheng, GUO Yu, WANG Falin, et al. Research on cable path planning technology based on improved Ant colony algorithm[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2018, 54(10):236-241.
[67] 贾经纬. 基于蚁群算法的并行最小斯坦纳树算法的研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2018. JIA Jingwei. Research on the parallel minimum Steiner tree algorithm based on ant colony algorithm[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018.
[68] 张松灿, 普杰信, 司彦娜, 等. 蚁群算法在移动机器人路径规划中的应用综述[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2020, 56(8):10-19. ZHANG Songcan, PU Jiexin, SI Yanna, et al. A review on the application of ant colony algorithm in path planning of mobile robots[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2020, 56(8):10-19.
[69] THANTULAGE G I. Ant colony optimization based simulation of 3d automatic hose/pipe routing[D]. London:Brunel University School of Engineering and Design, 2009.
[70] 宋倩. 机电产品线缆三维路径规划技术研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2018. SONG Qian. Research on 3D path planning technology of flexible cable for mechatronic products[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
[71] EBERHART R, KENNEDY J. A new optimizer using particle swarm theory[C]//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science. New York:IEEE, 1995:39-43.
[72] 黄训诚, 庄奕琪, 耿阿囡. 基于粒子群优化算法的集成电路无网格布线[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2007, 34(1):34-37, 86. HUANG Xuncheng, ZHUANG Yiqi, GENG Anan. Meshless routing of integrated circuit based on particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2007, 34(1):34-37, 86.
[73] 杜海遥. 基于斯坦纳树和粒子群算法的机电产品布线优化技术研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2017. DU Haiyao. Research on routing optimization technology based on Steiner tree and PSO for mechanical and electrical products[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017.
[74] 王发麟. 复杂机电产品线缆敷设若干关键技术研究[D]. 南京:南京航空航天大学, 2018. WANG Falin. Research on key technologies of cable harness wiring for complex mechatronic products[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
[75] 杨超杰, 裴以建, 刘朋. 改进粒子群算法的三维空间路径规划研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2019, 55(11):117-122. YANG Chaojie, PEI Yijian, LIU Peng. Research on improved Particle Swarm optimization for 3D spatial path planning[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2019, 55(11):117-122.
[76] 董晨. 粒子群优化的超大规模集成电路全局布线策略[D]. 武汉:武汉大学, 2011. DONG Chen. VLSI global routing strategies based on particle swarm optimization[D]. Wuhan:Wuhan University, 2011.
[77] 陈世明, 谢竟, 陈文栋, 等. 基于HPSO算法的三维空间路径规划[J]. 华中科技大学学报, 2013, 41(2):109-113. CHEN Shiming, XIE Jing, CHEN Wendong, et al. 3D spatial path planning based on HPSO algorithm[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2013, 41(2):109-113.
[78] 徐金宝. 复杂产品中的分支线缆自动布局设计技术研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2015. XU Jinbao. Research on multi-branch cable automatic layout design technology for complex products[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015.
[79] KARAMAN S, FRAZZOLI E. Sampling-based algorithms for optimal motion planning[J]. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 2011, 30(7):846-894.
[80] LAVALLE S M. Rapidly-exploring random trees:A new tool for path planning[J]. Algorithmic & Computational Robotics New Directions, 1998, 98(11):293-308.
[81] KAVRAKI L E, SVESTKA P, LATOMBE J C, et al. Probabilistic roadmaps for path planning in high-dimensional configuration spaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation, 1996, 12(4):566-580.
[82] 王亮, 王晓霞, 戴祥利. 快速搜索随机树算法在航空电缆布线中的应用[J]. 机械制造, 2019, 57(9):21-23. WANG Liang, WANG Xiaoxia, DAI Xiangli. Application of fast search random tree algorithm in aviation cable routing[J]. Machinery, 2019, 57(9):21-23.
[83] 刘潇, 刘检华, 刘佳顺, 等. 基于改进RRT算法的线缆自动布线技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(17):96-105. LIU Xiao, LIU Jianhua, LIU Jiashun, et al. Automatic cable routing technology based on improved RRT algorithm[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(17):96-105.
[84] 刘佳顺. 复杂产品中的线缆自动布局设计与装配路径规划技术[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2016. LIU Jiashun. Cable automatic routing and assembly path planning in complex products[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016.
[85] WAGER M L. Making roadmaps using voronoi diagrams[D]. Australia:The University of Western Australia, 2000.
[86] KABUL I, GAYLE R, LIN M C. Cable route planning in complex environments using constrained sampling[C]//Solid and Physical Modeling. Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling. Beijing:SPM, 2007:395-402.
[87] 刘潇. 复杂产品中的线缆自动布局设计技术研究[D]. 北京:北京理工大学, 2015. LIU Xiao. Research on cable automatic layout design technology for complex products[D]. Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015.
[88] 杜伯学, 李忠磊, 周硕凡, 等. 聚丙烯高压直流电缆绝缘研究进展与展望[J]. 电气工程学报, 2021, 16(2):2-11. DU Boxue, LI Zhonglei, ZHOU Shuofan, et al. Research progress and perspective of polypropylene-based insulation for HVDC cables[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2021, 16(2):2-11.