Research of Surface Adaptive Ultrasonic Testing on Defects in Curved Composite Structures Based on Beam Directivity

doi:10.3901/JME.2022.19.275

Abstract

Abstract: A weak resolution in the circumferential direction of curved composite structures based on the surface adaptive ultrasonic (SAUL) combined with phased array ultrasonic brings challenges to the quantitative testing of defects. To improve the circumferential resolution of SAUL testing, an elastic anisotropic finite element model based on a T stringer manufactured with T700/epoxy resin by hot compression curing is established. Compared with the elastic isotropic model, the wave propagation behavior is analyzed. It is found that the noise of ribs on both sides is mainly caused the strong interfacial reflection echoes of layers and the anisotropic nature of the material. On this basis, the beam directivity of the array elements is studied. Results show that with the introduction of a correction coefficient of directivity for each element and reduction of the probe frequency, the amplitude of pulse signal is optimized, and the emitted ultrasonic field is more suitable for the curved structure. Accordingly, the reflection of the ribs on both sides is weakened, and the imaging quality is improved. Then a delamination with a 4.5 mm length and 1.5 mm depth in circumference is quantitatively detected. In the simulation and experimental results, the errors of circumferential length are reduced by 7.4% and 13.1%, respectively. The results show that the circumferential resolution of SAUL could be effectively improved by optimizing the directivity of array elements. The method would be valuable and promising to improve the detection quality in curved composite structures.

Key words: curved structure, composite, phased array ultrasonic, surface adaptive ultrasonic, directivity, resolution

CLC Number:

V258
TB55

LUO Zhongbing, LIU Zhenhao, SU Huimin, CAO Huanqing, LIN Li. Research of Surface Adaptive Ultrasonic Testing on Defects in Curved Composite Structures Based on Beam Directivity[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 58(19): 275-282.

References

[1] MAC A，GM A，GPR A，et al. Internal damage evaluation of composite structures using phased array ultrasonic technique:Impact damage assessment in CFRP and 3D printed reinforced composites[J]. Composites Part B:Engineering，2019，165:131-142.
[2] NSENGIYUMVA W，ZHONG Shuncong，LIN Jiewen，et al. Advances，limitations and prospects of nondestructive testing and evaluation of thick composites and sandwich structures:A state-of-the-art review[J]. Composite Structures，2021，256:112951.
[3] 罗忠兵，李飞龙，苏慧敏，等. CFRP复杂几何结构超声表面契合法缺陷检测[J/OL].机械工程学报，2021:1-7，[2021-09-16]. //kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2187. TH.20210422.1026.002.html. LUO Zhongbing，LI Feilong，SU Huimin，et al. Surface adaptive ultrasonic testing on defects in CFRP radii[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021:1-7,[2021-09-16].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2187.TH.20210422.1026.002.html.
[4] 刘伟，李能，周标，等. 复杂结构与高性能材料增材制造技术进展[J]. 机械工程学报，2019，55(20):128-151，159. LIU Wei，LI Neng，ZHOU Biao，et al. Progress in additive manufacturing on complex structures and high-performance materials[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2019，55(20):128-151，159.
[5] 张冬梅，于光，周正干，等. 复合材料构件R区的超声相控阵检测实验[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报， 2013，39(5):123-127. ZHANG Dongmei，YU Guang，ZHOU Zhenggan，et al. Ultrasonic phased array inspection for the corner of composite components[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2013，39(5):123-127.
[6] 罗忠兵，曹欢庆，林莉. 航空复材构件R区相控阵超声检测研究进展[J]. 航空制造技术，2019，62(14):67-75. LUO Zhongbing，CAO Huanqing，LIN Li，Progress in Study of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing on CFRP Radii in Aerospace Component[J]，Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology，2019，62(14):67-75.
[7] BRATH A J，SIMONETTI F. Phased array imaging of complex-geometry composite components[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control，2017(99):1.
[8] LUO Zhongbing，LI Feilong，CAO Huanqing，et al，Focal law optimization and acoustic field simulation of PAUT on CFRP radii[C]//Far East NDT New Technology & Application Forum (FENDT)，July 6-8，2018，Xiamen，China:IEEE，2018:122-126.
[9] BULLINGER O，SCHNARS U，SCHULTING D，et al. Laminographic inspection of large carbon fibre composite aircraft-structures at airbus[C] // Purschke M. 19th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing. Munich Germany:Curran Associates，Inc. 2016:204-213.
[10] HABERMEHL J，LAMARRE A，ROACH D. Ultrasonic phased array tools for large area composite inspection during maintenance and manufacturing[C]//AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP，2009，1096(1):832-839.
[11] LIN Li，CAO Huanqing，LUO Zhongbing. Characterization and optimization of acoustic field for curved array probe[J]. Acoustical Physics，2020，66(5):469-476.
[12] SANTAMARÍA M，GONZÁLEZ S，LASAGNI F. Characterization and detectability analysis of CFRP radii by ultrasonic phased array after thermo-mechanical ageing[C/CD]//The 12th International Conference of the Slovenian Society for Non-Destructive Testing，September 4-6，Portoroz，Slovenia. 2013.
[13] PHOENIX INSPECTION SYSTEMS LIMITED. WrapIt offers new way to test curved composites[EB/OL]. [2021-10-05]https://www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?id=14977&content=1.
[14] HOLMES C，DRINKWATER B，WILCOX P. Post-processing of the full matrix of ultrasonic transmit-receive array data for non-destructive evaluation[J]. NDT & E International，2005，38(8):701-711.
[15] SUTCLIFFE M，WESTON M，CHARLTON P，et al. Full matrix capture with time-efficient auto-focusing of unknown geometry through dual-layered media[J]. Insight，2013，55(6):297.
[16] LIN Li，CAO Huanqing，LUO Zhongbong. Total focusing method imaging of multidirectional CFRP laminate with model-based time delay correction[J]. NDT&E International，2018，97:51-58.
[17] LIN Li，CAO Huanqing，LUO Zhongbing. Dijkstra’s algorithm-based ray tracing method for total focusing method imaging of CFRP laminates[J]. Composite Structures，2019，215:298-304.
[18] JIN Haoran，CHEN Jian. An efficient wavenumber algorithm towards real-time ultrasonic full-matrix imaging of multi-layered medium[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2021，149:107.
[19] ROBERT S，CASULA O，ROY O，et al. Real time nondestructive testing of composite aeronautical structures with a self-adaptive ultrasonic technique[J]. Measurement Science and Technology，2013，24(7):074011.
[20] CUEVAS E，HERN NDEZ S，CAMACHO J，et al．Fast scanning and adaptive beamforming:two innovative algorithms to improve ultrasonic inspections[C/CD]//11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing，October 6-10，Prague，Czech Republic，2014.
[21] HOPKINS D，DATUIN M，BRASSARD M. Challenges and Solutions for Ultrasonic Phased-Array Inspection of Polymer-Matrix Composites at Production Rates[C]// 45th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation，AIP Conf. Proc. 2019，38(2102):100002-1–100002-10.
[22] 苏慧敏，罗忠兵，曹欢庆，等. 提高碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料弹性常数超声表征精度的方法[J]. 复合材料学报，2016，33(11):2510-2516. SU Huimin，LUO Zhongbing，CAO Huanqing，et al. Improve methods for elastic constants ultrasonic characterization accuracy of carbon fiber reinforced plastics[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica，2016，33(11):2510-2516.
[23] AZAR L，SHI Yijun，WOOH S C. Beam focusing behavior of linear phased arrays[J]. NDT & E International，2000，33(3):189-198.
[24] BATTAGLINI L，CALLEGARI S，CAPORALE S，et al. Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems[M]. New York:Springer，2007.
[25] WOOH S C，SHI Yijun. Three-dimensional beam directivity of phase-steered ultrasound[J]. Acoustical Society of America Journal，1999，105(6):3275-3282.