Fabrication of Porous β-TCP Bioceramics Using Digital Light Processing

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.15.081

Abstract

Abstract: Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is an ideal bone repair material with good biocompatibility and osteogenicity. A DLP-system used in this study creates bioceramic green part by stacking up layers of photocurable tricalcium phosphate-filled slurry with various TCP weight fraction. After a thermal debinding and sintering step, the part turns into a dense ceramic according to the results of thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results show that the actual ceramic green part size is larger than the design size because of light scattering. The sintering shrinkage in the horizontal direction is 1%-5%, and the sintering shrinkage in the building direction is 6%-9% after sintering. Thus, a compensation model for sintering shrinkage is proposed to obtain high-precision final TCP parts. The obtained porous TCP parts have both macroporous outer structure and microporous inner structure, the macropore size is 400-600μm and the micropore size is 500-1 500 nm. The mechanical tests show that the compressive strength of the porous β-TCP bioceramic is up to 16.53 MPa. DLP is a promising technology in human bone tissue damage repair which can rapidly printing porous structure in high-precision.

Key words: β-tricalcium phosphate, ceramic printing, digital light processing, porous structure

CLC Number:

TH164

ZHANG Hang, XU Songfeng, XIONG Yinze, GAO Ruining, LI Xiang. Fabrication of Porous β-TCP Bioceramics Using Digital Light Processing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(15): 81-87.

References

[1] SHAO H,HE Y,FU J,et al. 3D printing magnesium-doped wollastonite/β-TCP bioceramics scaffolds with high strength and adjustable degradation[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2016,36(6):1495-1503.
[2] GHAZANFARI A,LI W,MING C L,et al. Additive manufacturing and mechanical characterization of high density fully stabilized zirconia[J]. Ceramics International,2017,43(8):6082-6088.
[3] GMEINER R,MITTERAMSKOGLER G,STAMPFL J,et al. Stereolithographic ceramic manufacturing of high strength bioactive glass[J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology,2015,12(1):38-45.
[4] MÜHLER T,GOMES C M,HEINRICH J,et al. Slurry-based additive manufacturing of ceramics[J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology,2015,12(1):18-25.
[5] ECKEL Z C,ZHOU C,MARTIN J H,et al. Additive manufacturing of polymer-derived ceramics[J]. Science,2016,351(6268):58-62.
[6] QIN L,YANG F,XIN H,et al. Oxygen-controlled bottom-up mask-projection stereolithography for ceramic 3D printing[J]. Ceramics International,2017,43(17):14956-14961.
[7] FELZMANN R,GRUBER S,MITTERAMSKOGLER G,et al. Lithography-based additive manufacturing of cellular ceramic structures[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials,2012,14(12):1052-1058.
[8] ZENG Y,YAN Y,YAN H,et al. 3D printing of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with good mechanical and biocompatible properties by digital light processing[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2018,53(9):6291-6301.
[9] MITTERAMSKOGLER G,GMEINER R,FELZMANN R,et al. Light curing strategies for lithography-based additive manufacturing of customized ceramics[J]. Additive Manufacturing,2014,s1-4:110-118.
[10] 杨飞,连芩,武向权,等. 陶瓷面曝光快速成型工艺研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2017,53(7):138-144. YANG Fei,LIAN Qin,WU Xiangquan,et al. Ceramics fabrication using rapid prototyping of mask projection stereolithography[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(7):138-144.
[11] PFAFFINGER M,HARTMANN M,SCHWENTENWEIN M,et al. Stabilization of tricalcium phosphate slurries against sedimentation for stereolithographic additive manufacturing and influence on the final mechanical properties[J]. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology,2017,14(4):12664.
[12] JAAFAR F,OTHMAN R,MOHD N A F. Effect of pressure and temperature in solid state sintering approach producing porous tricalcium phosphate bioceramics[J]. Solid State Phenomena,2017,264:99-102.
[13] LALA S,SATPATI B,PRADHAN S K. Sintering behavior and growth mechanism of β-TCP in nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite synthesized by mechanical alloying[J]. Ceramics International,2016,42(11):13176-13182.
[14] GARCIA P A,HORNEZ J C,LERICHE A,et al. Influence of porosity on the mechanical behaviour of single phase β-TCP ceramics[J]. Ceramics International,2017,43(8):6048-6053.
[15] ABD W N H,ABD R A F,MOHAMAD L F I,et al. Investigation on the effect of crystal orientation dependence of pulse porous silicon for white light emission[J]. Key Engineering Materials,2016,701:164-176.
[16] 马云海,尚文博,范雪莹,等. 仿骨β相磷酸三钙多孔生物陶瓷制备及降解[J]. 吉林大学学报,2015,45(4):1367-1374. MA Yunhai,SHANG Wenbo,FAN Xueying,et al. Preparation and degradation of porous p-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic for bone imitaion[J]. Journal of Jilin University,2015,45(4):1367-1374.
[17] GARCIA P A,HORNEZ J C,LERICHE A,et al. Influence of porosity on the mechanical behaviour of single phase β-TCP ceramics[J]. Ceramics International,2017,43(8):6048-6053.